Graphene, a semi-metal with a gapless band structure, has been used in mid-infrared (MIR) photodetectors (PDs) for some time. However, these detectors often suffer from low responsivity due to the intrinsically low absorption and ultra-short carrier lifetime in graphene, large dark current, and low detectivity due to the semi-metallic nature of graphene. Over the past decade, much effort has been devoted to addressing these issues. A variety of metamaterials and related concepts has been employed to improve the detector responsivity by enhancing the graphene absorption and/or the carrier collection efficiency. Here, we provide an overview of the graphene MIR PDs with and without the use of approaches for responsivity enhancement. We focus our attention on the state-of-the-art graphene MIR PDs whose performance is improved by employing metamaterials and related concepts, including band structure engineering, the photogating effect, integration with plasmonic nanostructures and waveguides, the use of asymmetric plasmons, coupled plasmon–phonon polaritons, and small-twist-angle bilayer graphene. We conclude by providing possible directions for further performance improvement of graphene MIR PDs and a discussion on future applications of these detectors.
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September 2021
Review Article|
July 19 2021
Graphene-based mid-infrared photodetectors using metamaterials and related concepts
Ming Ye
;
Ming Ye
a)
1
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne
, Victoria 3010, Australia
a)Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: yeming3010@gmail.com and kcrozier@unimelb.edu.au
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Jiajia Zha;
Jiajia Zha
2
Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong
, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Chaoliang Tan
;
Chaoliang Tan
2
Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong
, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Kenneth B. Crozier
Kenneth B. Crozier
a)
1
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne
, Victoria 3010, Australia
3
School of Physics, University of Melbourne
, Victoria 3010, Australia
4
Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, University of Melbourne
, Victoria 3010, Australia
a)Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: yeming3010@gmail.com and kcrozier@unimelb.edu.au
Search for other works by this author on:
a)Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: yeming3010@gmail.com and kcrozier@unimelb.edu.au
Appl. Phys. Rev. 8, 031303 (2021)
Article history
Received:
March 07 2021
Accepted:
May 31 2021
Citation
Ming Ye, Jiajia Zha, Chaoliang Tan, Kenneth B. Crozier; Graphene-based mid-infrared photodetectors using metamaterials and related concepts. Appl. Phys. Rev. 1 September 2021; 8 (3): 031303. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0049633
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