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Issues
22 July 2013
ISSN 0003-6951
EISSN 1077-3118
In this Issue
PHOTONICS AND OPTOELECTRONICS
Three-dimensional microstructuring of yttrium aluminum garnet crystals for laser active optofluidic applications
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 041101 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816338
Terahertz quantum cascade lasers based on quaternary AlInGaAs barriers
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 041103 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816352
Enhanced resonant transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a pair of subwavelength slits
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 041104 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816506
Passively mode-locking induced by gold nanorods in erbium-doped fiber lasers
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 041105 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816516
Optical transfer function of three-dimensional photonic crystals by volume holographic recording
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 041106 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816473
High intrinsic energy resolution photon number resolving detectors
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 041107 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4815922
Enhanced modulation of scattered light from phase-change nanoparticles by tailored plasmonic mirror image
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 041108 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4813749
Disorder and the Urbach edge in dilute bismide GaAsBi
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 041110 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816435
Self-trapped beams crossing tilted channels to induce guided polarization separators
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 041111 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816436
Defect controlled ultra high ultraviolet photocurrent gain in Cu-doped ZnO nanorod arrays: De-trapping yield
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 041112 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816444
Photovoltaic response in a resonant tunneling wire-dot-wire junction
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 041113 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816593
Photoresponse in arrays of thermoelectric nanowire junctions
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 041114 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816621
Differential all-optical tuning of eigenmodes in coupled microdisks
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 041115 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816740
Phase properties of Bloch surface waves and their sensing applications
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 041116 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816810
Enhanced external radiative efficiency for 20.8% efficient single-junction GaInP solar cells
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 041118 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816837
High efficiency silicon 1310 nm detector without defect states or heteroepitaxy
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 041119 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816430
Distributed feedback quantum cascade laser with optically tunable emission frequency
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 041120 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816592
Surface enhanced Raman scattering arising from plasmonic interaction between silver nano-cubes and a silver grating
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 041122 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816739
Photon quenching in InGaN quantum well light emitting devices
Raymond Sarkissian; Sean T. Roberts; Ting-Wei Yeh; Saptaparna Das; Stephen E. Bradforth; John O'Brien; P. Daniel Dapkus
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 041123 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816757
SURFACES AND INTERFACES
Phase transition signature on elastic constants in Al1-xCrxNy ternary alloys thin films
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 041601 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816355
The effect of electron induced hydrogenation of graphene on its electrical transport properties
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 041603 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816475
Mid-infrared optical near-field switching in heterogeneous graphene ribbon pairs
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 041604 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816763
STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL, OPTICAL, AND THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF ADVANCED MATERIALS
Material properties of Cd1−xMgxO alloys synthesized by radio frequency sputtering
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 041902 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816326
Large-area, well-ordered, uniform-sized bowtie nanoantenna arrays for surface enhanced Raman scattering substrate with ultra-sensitive detection
Zhigao Dai; Xiangheng Xiao; Lei Liao; Junfeng Zheng; Fei Mei; Wei Wu; Jianjian Ying; Feng Ren; Changzhong Jiang
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 041903 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816344
In situ Raman monitoring of He2+ irradiation induced damage in a UO2 ceramic
G. Guimbretière; L. Desgranges; A. Canizarès; R. Caraballo; F. Duval; N. Raimboux; R. Omnée; M. R. Ammar; C. Jégou; P. Simon
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 041904 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816285
Highly efficient reddish orange emission in Mn2+/Eu3+ co-doped phosphate glasses for greenhouse
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 041906 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816597
Critical optical properties of AA-stacked multilayer graphenes
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 041907 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4813112
Lattice constant and substitutional composition of GeSn alloys grown by molecular beam epitaxy
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 041908 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816660
Correlation between blue luminescence intensity and resistivity in β-Ga2O3 single crystals
In Special Collection:
The Dawn of Gallium Oxide Microelectronics
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 041910 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816759
Synergistic effect of reactor chemistry and compressive stress on dislocation bending during GaN growth
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 041912 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816742
SEMICONDUCTORS
Negative-U behavior of the Si donor in Al0.77Ga0.23N
Xuan Thang Trinh; Daniel Nilsson; Ivan G. Ivanov; Erik Janzén; Anelia Kakanakova-Georgieva; Nguyen Tien Son
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 042101 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816266
Impact of proton irradiation on deep level states in n-GaN
Z. Zhang; A. R. Arehart; E. Cinkilic; J. Chen; E. X. Zhang; D. M. Fleetwood; R. D. Schrimpf; B. McSkimming; J. S. Speck; S. A. Ringel
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 042102 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816423
La-doped BaSnO3—Degenerate perovskite transparent conducting oxide: Evidence from synchrotron x-ray spectroscopy
S. Sallis; D. O. Scanlon; S. C. Chae; N. F. Quackenbush; D. A. Fischer; J. C. Woicik; J.-H. Guo; S. W. Cheong; L. F. J. Piper
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 042105 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816511
Quasiparticle band-edge energy and band offsets of monolayer of molybdenum and tungsten chalcogenides
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 042106 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816517
Polarity control of intrinsic ZnO films using substrate bias
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 042107 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816509
Growth, disorder, and physical properties of ZnSnN2
N. Feldberg; J. D. Aldous; W. M. Linhart; L. J. Phillips; K. Durose; P. A. Stampe; R. J. Kennedy; D. O. Scanlon; G. Vardar; R. L. Field, III; T. Y. Jen; R. S. Goldman; T. D. Veal; S. M. Durbin
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 042109 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816438
Optical absorption by dilute GaNSb alloys: Influence of N pair states
J. J. Mudd; N. J. Kybert; W. M. Linhart; L. Buckle; T. Ashley; P. D. C. King; T. S. Jones; M. J. Ashwin; T. D. Veal
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 042110 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816519
MAGNETICS AND SPINTRONICS
Strong perpendicular exchange bias in sputter-deposited CoPt/CoO multilayers
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 042401 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816336
Observation of current-driven oscillatory domain wall motion in Ni80Fe20/Co bilayer nanowire
W. Zhang; P. K. J. Wong; P. Yan; J. Wu; S. A. Morton; X. R. Wang; X. F. Hu; Y. B. Xu; A. Scholl; A. Young; I. Barsukov; M. Farle; G. van der Laan
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 042403 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816359
Nonlinear thermal effect on sub-gigahertz ferromagnetic resonance in magnetic tunnel junction
S. Miwa; Y. Fujii; H. Kubota; K. Yakushiji; S. Ishibashi; T. Saruya; A. Fukushima; S. Yuasa; Y. Suzuki
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 042404 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816357
Giant low-field magnetostriction of epoxy/TbxDy1−x(Fe0.8Co0.2)2 composites (0.20 ≤ x ≤ 0.40)
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 042406 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816417
Measurements of configurational anisotropy in isolated sub-micron square permalloy dots
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 042409 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816510
Influence of thermal energy on exchange-bias studied by finite-element simulations
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 042410 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816664
Room-temperature magnetically modulated electroluminescence from hybrid organic/inorganic spintronics devices
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 042411 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816728
High thermal stability of zero-field ferromagnetic resonance above 5 GHz in ferrite-doped CoFe thin films
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 042412 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816754
Buffer-layer enhanced structural and electronic quality in ferrimagnetic Sr2CrReO6 epitaxial films
J. M. Lucy; A. J. Hauser; H. L. Wang; J. R. Soliz; M. Dixit; R. E. A. Williams; A. Holcombe; P. Morris; H. L. Fraser; D. W. McComb; P. M. Woodward; F. Y. Yang
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 042414 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816803
Zero-field cooled exchange bias in hexagonal YMnO3 nanoparticles
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 042416 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816725
Anti-ferromagnetic coupling in hybrid magnetic tunnel junctions mediated by monomolecular layers of α-sexithiophene
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 042417 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816954
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERCONDUCTING ELECTRONICS
High intrinsic noise and absence of hysteresis in superconducting quantum interference devices with large Steward-McCumber parameter
Jia Zeng; Yi Zhang; Michael Mück; Hans-Joachim Krause; Alex I. Braginski; Xiangyan Kong; Xiaoming Xie; Andreas Offenhäusser; Mianheng Jiang
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 042601 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816730
Self-enhancement of the critical current of YBa2Cu3O7−x coated conductors caused by the axial tension
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 042602 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816591
DIELECTRICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND MULTIFERROICS
Enhancement of the stability of resistive switching characteristics by conduction path reconstruction
Jheng-Jie Huang; Ting-Chang Chang; Chih-Cheng Yu; Hui-Chun Huang; Yu-Ting Chen; Hsueh-Chih Tseng; Jyun-Bao Yang; Simon M. Sze; Der-Shin Gan; Ann-Kuo Chu; Jian-Yang Lin; Ming-Jinn Tsai
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 042902 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816269
Direct characterization of the electrocaloric effects in thin films supported on substrates
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 042903 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816333
Unusual 90° domain structure in (2/3)Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3-(1/3)BiFeO3 epitaxial films with giant 22% tetragonal distortion
Shintaro Yasui; Keisuke Yazawa; Masaaki Matsushima; Tomoaki Yamada; Hitoshi Morioka; Hiroshi Uchida; Takashi Iijima; Lu You; Junling Wang; Takahisa Yamamoto; Yuichi Ikuhara; Hiroshi Funakubo
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 042904 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816420
Shallow donor level associated with hydrogen impurities in undoped BaTiO3
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 042905 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812348
Effect of density of localized states on the ovonic threshold switching characteristics of the amorphous GeSe films
Hyung-Woo Ahn; Doo Seok Jeong; Byung-ki Cheong; Hosuk Lee; Hosun Lee; Su-dong Kim; Sang-Yeol Shin; Donghwan Kim; Suyoun Lee
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 042908 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816349
The creep process of the domain switching in poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) ferroelectric thin films
B. B. Tian; Z. H. Chen; A. Q. Jiang; X. L. Zhao; B. L. Liu; J. L. Wang; L. Han; Sh. Sun; J. L. Sun; X. J. Meng; J. H. Chu
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 042909 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816749
Dipolar-glass-like relaxor ferroelectric behaviour in the 0.5BaTiO3-0.5Bi(Mg1/2Ti1/2)O3 electroceramic
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 042910 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816741
NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Three-dimensional anti-Brownian electrokinetic trapping of a single nanoparticle in solution
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043102 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816325
Nanopore density effect of polyacrylamide gel plug on electrokinetic ion enrichment in a micro-nanofluidic chip
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043103 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816342
Wafer bonded distributed feedback laser with sidewall modulated Bragg gratings
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043105 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816331
Transport through a single donor in p-type silicon
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043106 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816439
Electric field effects in ultrathin β-ZrNBr nano-crystals
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043107 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816504
Finite size effect on the phase transition of vanadium dioxide
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043108 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816507
Phonon heat conduction in corrugated silicon nanowires below the Casimir limit
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043109 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816590
Electron temperature dependence of the electron-phonon coupling strength in double-wall carbon nanotubes
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043110 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816055
Tuning properties of columnar nanocomposite oxides
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043112 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816596
Evaluation of capillary-induced deformation of thin plates due to liquid column formation
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043113 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816662
Towards ultra-subwavelength optical latches
Jianwei Mu; Zhaohong Han; Stefano Grillanda; Andrea Melloni; Jurgen Michel; L. C. Kimerling; Anu Agarwal
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043115 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816755
Mesoscopic conductance fluctuations in multi-layer graphene
Chiashain Chuang; Li-Hung Lin; Nobuyuki Aoki; Takahiro Ouchi; Akram M. Mahjoub; Tak-Pong Woo; Reuben K. Puddy; Yuichi Ochiai; C. G. Smith; Chi-Te Liang
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043117 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816721
Compressive-tensile deformation of nanocrystalline nickel at high pressure and temperature conditions
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043118 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816744
Can multiple flow boiling regimes be reduced into a single one in microchannels?
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043122 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816594
Nanostructures with the Hilbert curve geometry as surface enhanced Raman scattering substrates
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043123 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816726
Graphene as anode electrode for colloidal quantum dots based light emitting diodes
Alexander V. Klekachev; Sergey N. Kuznetsov; Inge Asselberghs; Mirco Cantoro; Jeong Hun Mun; Byung Jin Cho; André L. Stesmans; Marc M. Heyns; Stefan De Gendt
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043124 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816745
ORGANIC ELECTRONICS AND PHOTONICS
Magnetic-field-induced enhancement of crystallinity and field-effect mobilities in phthalocyanine thin films
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043301 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816244
Performance enhancement of polymer solar cells with luminescent down-shifting sensitizer
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043302 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816383
Microresonator-enhanced electroluminescence of an organic light emitting diode based on a columnar liquid crystal
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043303 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816425
Trap-induced light enhancement from a polymer light emitting device
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043306 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816505
Order of decay of mobile charge carriers in P3HT:PCBM solar cells
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043307 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816720
Influence of geometry variations on the response of organic electrochemical transistors
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043308 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816781
Efficient and ultraviolet durable inverted organic solar cells based on an aluminum-doped zinc oxide transparent cathode
Hanxiao Liu; Zhenghui Wu; Jianqiao Hu; Qunliang Song; Bo Wu; Hoi Lam Tam; Qingyi Yang; Wing Hong Choi; Furong Zhu
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043309 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816786
Oligothiophene-based monolayer field-effect transistors prepared by Langmuir-Blodgett technique
Alexey S. Sizov; Elena V. Agina; Fatemeh Gholamrezaie; Vladimir V. Bruevich; Oleg V. Borshchev; Dmitry Yu. Paraschuk; Dago M. de Leeuw; Sergey A. Ponomarenko
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043310 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816839
DEVICE PHYSICS
Intrinsic memristance mechanism of crystalline stoichiometric Ge2Sb2Te5
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043501 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816283
Dynamic switching mechanism of conduction/set process in Cu/a-Si/Si memristive device
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043503 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816327
Laser-processed three dimensional graphitic electrodes for diamond radiation detectors
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043504 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816328
Metal-oxide thin-film transistors patterned by printing
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043505 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816322
Microwave radiation power of relativistic electron beam with virtual cathode in the external magnetic field
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043507 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816471
High efficient GaN-based laser diodes with tunnel junction
M. X. Feng; J. P. Liu; S. M. Zhang; D. S. Jiang; Z. C. Li; K. Zhou; D. Y. Li; L. Q. Zhang; F. Wang; H. Wang; P. Chen; Z. S. Liu; D. G. Zhao; Q. Sun; H. Yang
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043508 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816598
Increase of mobility in dual gate amorphous-InGaZnO4 thin-film transistors by pseudo-doping
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043509 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816587
Conductance quantization in oxygen-anion-migration-based resistive switching memory devices
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043510 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816747
BIOPHYSICS AND BIO-INSPIRED SYSTEMS
Generation of extended light-sheets for single and multi-photon fluorescence microscopy
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043701 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816419
Biomolecule detection based on Si single-electron transistors for practical use
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043702 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816267
Accurate quantification of magnetic particle properties by intra-pair magnetophoresis for nanobiotechnology
Alexander van Reenen; Yang Gao; Arjen H. Bos; Arthur M. de Jong; Martien A. Hulsen; Jaap M. J. den Toonder; Menno W. J. Prins
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043704 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816429
Enzymatic activity induced by interactions with a nanofabricated hydrophobic Si surface
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043705 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816442
Protein adsorption enhanced radio-frequency heating of silica nanoparticles
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043706 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816668
ENERGY CONVERSION AND STORAGE
Antimony mediated growth of high-density InAs quantum dots for photovoltaic cells
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043901 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816503
Controlled improvement in specific contact resistivity for thermoelectric materials by ion implantation
Patrick J. Taylor; Jay R. Maddux; Greg Meissner; Rama Venkatasubramanian; Gary Bulman; Jonathan Pierce; Rahul Gupta; Jim Bierschenk; Chris Caylor; Jonathan D’Angelo; Zhifeng Ren
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043902 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816054
Evaluation of crystalline silicon solar cells by current-modulating four-point-probe method
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043903 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816783
Silver silicates with three-dimensional d10-d10 interactions as visible light active photocatalysts for water oxidation
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 043904 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816431
INTERDISCIPLINARY AND GENERAL PHYSICS
Photoacoustic response of suspended and hemolyzed red blood cells
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 044101 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816245
ERRATA
Roadmap on photonic metasurfaces
Sebastian A. Schulz, Rupert. F. Oulton, et al.
Hard x-ray photoemission study of bulk single-crystalline InGaZnO4
Goro Shibata, Yunosuke Takahashi, et al.
Membrane phononic crystals for high- mechanical defect modes at MHz frequencies in piezoelectric aluminum nitride
Anastasiia Ciers, Laurentius Radit Nindito, et al.