Air-exposed Cu2ZnSnS4 (“CZTS”) thin-film solar cell absorbers have been investigated by surface-sensitive x-ray photoelectron and x-ray-excited Auger electron spectroscopy, as well as by bulk-sensitive energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. We find a native surface oxidation of (mainly) tin, but also (to a lesser extent) of zinc and sulfur as well as evidence for a Cu-poor region at the surface of the absorber, best described by a Cu-free Zn-Sn-S surface layer.
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