We report that an organic -dopant tri[1,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)ethane-1,2-dithiolene] resulted in higher density of holes than inorganic metal oxide dopants of or in 1,4-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)--phenylamino]--diamine even though the metal oxide dopants possess deeper work functions compared to . Higher charge generation efficiency results largely from the homogeneous dispersion of in the host. In contradistinction, the transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed a formation of metal oxide nanoclusters. This highlights the importance of homogeneous dispersion for an efficient doping.
© 2011 American Institute of Physics.
2011
American Institute of Physics
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