We report the direct electron transfer of cytochrome (Cyt ) observed at graphene electrodes. Graphene nanosheets were chemically synthesized and immobilized on to a glassy carbon electrode. Cyclic voltammetry of Cyt in phosphate buffered saline was performed at these electrodes. Results indicated a pair of reversible redox waves with a peak-to-peak separation value of 0.07 V in a diffusion controlled electrochemical process. Furthermore, the voltammetric response of these electrodes in Cyt were found to be stable over time with negligible electrode fouling toward Cyt .
REFERENCES
1.
C.
Léger
and P.
Bertrand
, Chem. Rev. (Washington, D.C.)
108
, 2379
(2008
).2.
M. J.
Eddowes
, H. A. O.
Hill
, and K.
Uosaki
, Bioelectrochem. and Bioenerg.
7
, 527
(1980
).3.
F. A.
Armstrong
, P. C.
Driscoll
, H. A. O.
Hill
, and C.
Redfield
, Biochem. Soc. Trans.
15
, 767
(1987
).4.
G. -C.
Zhao
, Z. -Z.
Yin
, L.
Zhang
, and X. -W.
Wei
, Electrochem. Commun.
7
, 256
(2005
).5.
S. -F.
Ding
, W.
Wei
, and G. -C.
Zhao
, Electrochem. Commun.
9
, 2202
(2007
).6.
J.
Wang
, M.
Li
, Z.
Shi
, N.
Li
, and Z.
Gu
, Anal. Chem.
74
, 1993
(2002
).7.
T. H.
Tahirov
, S.
Misaki
, T. E.
Meyer
, M. A.
Cusanovich
, Y.
Higuchi
, and N.
Yasuoka
, J. Mol. Biol.
259
, 467
(1996
).8.
Z. H.
Ren
, T.
Meyer
, and D. E.
McRee
, J. Mol. Biol.
234
, 433
(1993
).9.
M.
Caffrey
, J. P.
Simorre
, B.
Brutscher
, M.
Cusanovich
, and D.
Marion
, Biochemistry
34
, 5904
(1995
).10.
G.
Wang
, J. -J.
Xu
, and H. -Y.
Chen
, Electrochem. Commun.
4
, 506
(2002
).11.
F. A.
Armstrong
, H. A. O.
Hill
, B. N.
Oliver
, and N. J. J.
Walton
, J. Am. Chem. Soc.
106
, 921
(1984
).12.
S.
Haymond
, G. T.
Babcock
, and G. M.
Swain
, J. Am. Chem. Soc.
124
, 10634
(2002
).13.
M.
Fedurco
, Coord. Chem. Rev.
209
, 263
(2000
).14.
15.
16.
M.
Zhou
, Y. M.
Zhai
, and S. J.
Dong
, Anal. Chem.
81
, 5603
(2009
).17.
C.
Shan
, H.
Yang
, J.
Song
, D.
Han
, A.
Ivaska
, and L.
Niu
, Anal. Chem.
81
, 2378
(2009
).18.
Y.
Wang
, Y. M.
Li
, L. H.
Tang
, J.
Lu
, and J. H.
Li
, Electrochem. Commun.
11
, 889
(2009
).19.
N. G.
Shang
, P.
Papakonstantinou
, M.
McMullan
, M.
Chu
, A.
Sramboulis
, A.
Potenza
, S. S.
Dhesi
, and H.
Marchetto
, Adv. Funct. Mater.
18
, 3506
(2008
).20.
S.
Alwarappan
, A.
Erdem
, C.
Liu
, and C. -Z.
Li
, J. Phys. Chem. C
113
, 8853
(2009
).21.
W.
Hummers
and R.
Offeman
, J. Am. Chem. Soc.
80
, 1339
(1958
).22.
J. D.
Fowler
, M. J.
Allen
, V. C.
Tung
, Y.
Yang
, R. B.
Kaner
, and B. H.
Weiller
, ACS Nano
3
, 301
(2009
).23.
A.
Malesevic
, R.
Vitchev
, K.
Schouteden
, A.
Volodin
, L.
Zhang
, G.
Van Tendeloo
, A.
Vanhulsel
, and C. V.
Haesendonck
, Nanotechnology
19
, 305604
(2008
).24.
E.
Laviron
, J. Electroanal. Chem. Interfacial Electrochem.
101
, 19
(1979
).25.
C. L.
Xiang
, Y. J.
Zou
, L. X.
Sun
, and F.
Xu
, Talanta
74
, 206
(2007
).26.
S. C.
Sun
, D. E.
Reed
, J. K.
Cullison
, L. H.
Rickard
, and F. M.
Hawkridge
, Mikrochim. Acta
96
, 97
(1988
).27.
A.
Szücs
and M. J.
Novak
, J. Electroanal. Chem.
383
, 75
(1995
).© 2010 American Institute of Physics.
2010
American Institute of Physics
You do not currently have access to this content.