We develop supercapacitor (SC) devices with large per-area capacitances by utilizing three-dimensional (3D) porous substrates. Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) functioning as active SC electrodes are grown on 3D nickel foam. The 3D porous substrates facilitate a mass loading of active electrodes and per-area capacitance as large as and , respectively. We optimize SC performance by developing an annealing-free CNF growth process that minimizes undesirable nickel carbide formation. Superior per-area capacitances described here suggest that 3D porous substrates are useful in various energy storage devices in which per-area performance is critical.
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See EPAPS supplementary material at http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3273864 for supercapacitor cell preparation and data analysis, supercapacitor impedance data and capacity retention, and TEM characterization of carbon nanofibers..
© 2009 American Institute of Physics.
2009
American Institute of Physics
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