A highly efficient hole injection material, boron subphthalocyanine chloride (SubPc), was incorporated in organic light-emitting diodes. Device performance is greatly enhanced by inserting an ultrathin layer of SubPc between anodes and -di(naphthalene-1-yl)--diphenyl-benzidene (NPB). Electronic structures and chemical reaction at the interface between NPB and SubPc are also investigated by photoemission spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation sources. Extra states are observed at the forbidden gap of SubPc with deposition of NPB, resulting from the broken bonds between boron and chlorine on SubPc with presence of NPB. These gap states are attributed to the improvement of device performance.
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