We have demonstrated two kinds of stacked white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) employing tri(8-hydroxyquinoline) as charge generation layer. White light emission can be obtained by mixing blue fluorescence and orange phosphorescence. Stacked WOLED with individual blue fluorescent and orange phosphorescent emissive units has better color stability and higher efficiency than that with double white emissive units, which is attributed to the avoidance of the movement of charges recombination zone and elimination of the Dexter energy transfer between blue and orange emission layers occurring in the latter. The efficiency of the stacked WOLED is 35.9 cd/A at .
REFERENCES
1.
C. W.
Tang
and S. A.
Vanslyke
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
51
, 913
(1987
).2.
S.
Tokito
, T.
Lijima
, T.
Tsuzuki
, and F.
Sato
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
83
, 2459
(2003
).3.
B. W.
D’Andrade
and S. R.
Forrest
, Adv. Mater. (Weinheim, Ger.)
16
, 1585
(2004
).4.
P. -I.
Shih
, C. -F.
Shu
, Y. -L.
Tung
, and Y.
Chi
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
88
, 251110
(2006
).5.
Y.
Sun
, N. C.
Giebink
, H.
Kanno
, B.
Ma
, M. E.
Thompson
, and S. R.
Forrest
, Nature (London)
440
, 908
(2006
).6.
K.- Y.
Peng
, C.- W.
Huang
, C.- Y.
Liu
, and S.- A.
Chen
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
91
, 093502
(2007
).7.
J.
Kalinowski
, W.
Stampor
, J.
Szmytkowski
, D.
Virgili
, M.
Cocchi
, V.
Fattori
, and C.
Sabatini
, Phys. Rev. B
74
, 085316
(2006
).8.
T.
Matsumoto
, T.
Nakada
, J.
Endo
, K.
Mori
, N.
Kavamura
, A.
Yokoi
, and J.
Kido
, SID Int. Symp. Digest Tech. Papers
34
, 979
(2003
).9.
L. S.
Liao
, K. P.
Klubek
, and C. W.
Tang
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
84
, 167
(2004
).10.
T.
Tsutsui
and M.
Terai
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
84
, 440
(2004
).11.
C. C.
Chang
, S. W.
Hwang
, C. H.
Chen
, and J. F.
Chen
, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1
43
, 6418
(2004
).12.
C. C.
Chang
, J. F.
Chen
, S. W.
Hwang
, and C. H.
Chen
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
87
, 253501
(2005
).13.
F.
Guo
and D.
Ma
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
87
, 173510
(2005
).14.
C. W.
Chen
, Y. J.
Lu
, C. C.
Wu
, E. H. E.
Wu
, C. W.
Chu
, and Y.
Yang
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
87
, 241121
(2005
).15.
H.
Kanno
, R. J.
Holmes
, Y.
Sun
, S. K.
Cohen
, and S. R.
Forrest
, Adv. Mater. (Weinheim, Ger.)
18
, 339
(2006
).16.
T. Y.
Cho
, C. L.
Lin
, and C. C.
Wu
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
88
, 111106
(2006
).17.
C. W.
Law
, K. W.
Lau
, M. K.
Fung
, M. Y.
Chan
, F. L.
Wong
, C. S.
Lee
, and S. T.
Lee
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
89
, 133511
(2006
).18.
T.
Tsutsui
and M.
Terai
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
90
, 083502
(2007
).19.
S. L.
Lai
, M. Y.
Chan
, M. K.
Fung
, C. S.
Lee
, and S. T.
Lee
, J. Appl. Phys.
101
, 014509
(2007
).20.
H.
Kanno
, Y.
Hamada
, K.
Nishimura
, K.
Okumoto
, N.
Saito
, H.
Ishida
, H.
Takahashi
, K.
Shibata
, and K.
Maameno
, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1
45
, 9219
(2006
).21.
J.
Kalinowski
, M.
Cocchi
, D.
Virgili
, V.
Fattori
, and J. A. G.
Williams
, Adv. Mater. (Weinheim, Ger.)
19
, 4000
(2007
).22.
P.
Chen
, W.
Xie
, J.
Li
, T.
Guan
, Y.
Duan
, Y.
Zhao
, S.
Liu
, C.
Ma
, L.
Zhang
, and B.
Li
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
91
, 023505
(2007
).© 2008 American Institute of Physics.
2008
American Institute of Physics
You do not currently have access to this content.