Thick organic bulk heterojunction photodiodes with low dark current and efficient charge collection are reported. An electric field is sufficient to achieve charge collection in films of poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene-vinylene] and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester blends up to thick, and the rate of photocurrent decay is reduced at saturation fields. The integration of a thick sensor layer onto a flexible amorphous silicon thin-film transistor backplane gave an image sensor array with 35% external quantum efficiency and noise equivalent power of at reverse bias voltage of .
REFERENCES
1.
L. E.
Antonuk
, J.
Boudry
, W.
Huang
, D. L.
McShan
, E. J.
Morton
, J.
Yorkston
, M. J.
Longo
, and R. A.
Street
, Med. Phys.
19
, 1455
(1992
).2.
A.
Sazonov
, D.
Striakhilev
, C.-H.
Lee
, and A.
Nathan
, Proc. IEEE
93
, 1420
(2005
).3.
T. N.
Ng
, R. A.
Lujan
, S.
Sambandan
, R. A.
Street
, S.
Limb
, and W. S.
Wong
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
91
, 063505
(2007
).4.
G.
Yu
, J.
Wang
, J.
McElvain
, and A. J.
Heeger
, Adv. Mater. (Weinheim, Ger.)
10
, 1431
(1998
).5.
R. A.
Street
, M.
Mulato
, R.
Lau
, J.
Ho
, J.
Graham
, Z.
Popovic
, and J.
Hor
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
78
, 4193
(2001
).6.
P.
Peumans
, A.
Yakimov
, and S. R.
Forrest
, J. Appl. Phys.
93
, 3693
(2003
).7.
T.
Someya
, Y.
Kato
, S.
Iba
, Y.
Noguchi
, T.
Sekitani
, H.
Kawaguchi
, and T.
Sakurai
, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices
52
, 2502
(2005
).8.
I.
Nausieda
, K.
Ryu
, I.
Kymissis
, A. I.
Akinwande
, V.
Bulovic
, and C. G.
Sodini
, Proceedings of the IEEE ISSCC
, 2007
, 3.6.9.
K. M.
Coakley
and M. D.
McGehee
, Chem. Mater.
16
, 4533
(2004
).10.
M. C.
Scharber
, D.
Muhlbacher
, M.
Koppe
, P.
Denk
, C.
Waldauf
, A. J.
Heeger
, and C. J.
Brabec
, Adv. Mater. (Weinheim, Ger.)
18
, 789
(2006
).11.
P. W. M.
Blom
, V. D.
Mihailetchi
, L. J. A.
Koster
, and D. E.
Markov
, Adv. Mater. (Weinheim, Ger.)
19
, 1551
(2007
).12.
N. S.
Sariciftci
, L.
Smilowitz
, A. J.
Heeger
, and F.
Wudl
, Science
258
, 1474
(1992
).13.
M.
Lenes
, L. J. A.
Koster
, V. D.
Mihailetchi
, and P. W. M.
Blom
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
88
, 243502
(2006
).14.
A. J.
Moule
, J. B.
Bonekamp
, and K.
Meerholz
, J. Appl. Phys.
100
, 094503
(2006
).15.
J. C.
Blakesley
and R.
Speller
, Med. Phys.
35
, 225
(2008
).16.
A. C.
Niemeyer
, I. H.
Campbell
, F.
So
, and B. K.
Crone
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
91
, 103504
(2007
).17.
K. S.
Narayan
and N.
Kumar
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
79
, 1891
(2001
).18.
W. S.
Wong
, S.
Ready
, R.
Matusiak
, S. D.
White
, J.-P.
Lu
, J.
Ho
, and R. A.
Street
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
80
, 610
(2002
).19.
W. S.
Wong
, R.
Lujan
, J. H.
Daniel
, and S.
Limb
, J. Non-Cryst. Solids
352
, 1981
(2006
).20.
G.
Parthasarathy
, P. E.
Burrows
, V.
Khalfin
, V. G.
Kozlov
, and S. R.
Forrest
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
72
, 2138
(1998
).21.
See EPAPS Document No. E-APPLAB-92-082821 for information about the ITO sheet resistance. For more information on EPAPS, see http://www.aip.org/pubservs/epaps.html.
22.
R.
Pacios
, J.
Nelson
, D. D. C.
Bradley
, and C. J.
Brabec
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
83
, 4764
(2003
).23.
J.
Huang
, G.
Li
, and Y.
Yang
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
87
, 112105
(2005
).24.
R. A.
Street
, Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon
(Cambridge University Press
, New York
, 1991
), pp. 276
–320
.25.
P. E.
Keivanidis
, N. C.
Greenham
, H.
Sirringhaus
, R. H.
Friend
, J. C.
Blakesley
, R.
Speller
, M.
Campoy-Quiles
, T.
Agostinelli
, D. D. C.
Bradley
, and J.
Nelson
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
92
, 023304
(2008
).26.
R.
Pacios
, A. J.
Chatten
, K.
Kawano
, J. R.
Durrent
, D. D. C.
Bradley
, and J.
Nelson
, Adv. Funct. Mater.
16
, 2117
(2006
).© 2008 American Institute of Physics.
2008
American Institute of Physics
You do not currently have access to this content.