We show via density functional calculations that the electronic band structures of ⟨112⟩-oriented hydrogenated silicon nanowires (SiNWs) could be significantly altered by axial stresses. In particular, an axial compression could cause an indirect-to-direct band gap transition in ⟨112⟩ SiNWs. As direct energy band may induce strong light-emission properties of Si, the possibility of indirect-to-direct band transition via axial stress has fundamental implications in exploiting SiNWs for optoelectronic applications.

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