Structural transformation and ferroelectromagnetic behavior in single-phase $Bi1−xNdxFeO3$ multiferroic ceramics Available to Purchase

Single-phase $Bi1−xNdxFeO3$ $(BNFOx)$ $(x=0–0.2)$ multiferroic ceramics were prepared to study the effects of Nd substitution on their crystal structure and ferroelectromagnetic behavior. Rietveld refinement of x-ray diffraction data showed a continual transformation of crystal structure from the rhombohedral structure of $BNFOx=0$ $(BiFeO3)$ to a triclinic structure in $BNFOx=0.05–0.15$ and a pseudotetragonal structure in $BNFOx=0.175–0.2$⁠. Ferroelectromagnetic measurements revealed the existence of ferroelectricity with remnant polarization of $∼9μC∕cm2$ in $BNFOx=0–0.175$⁠, paraelectricity in $BNFOx=0.2$⁠, and weak ferromagnetism with remnant magnetizations of $0.07–0.227emu∕g$ in $BNFOx=0.15–0.2$⁠. Magnetoelectric coupling was obvious in $BNFOx=0.15–0.175$ near the Néel temperature of $∼380°C$⁠.