The development of the ferroelectric polarization of lead–zirconate–titanate (PZT) bulk ceramics under varying electric fields is examined. Repeated partial switching and backswitching results in a decrease of the switchable polarization, but has no effect on the effective strain. This is attributed to a stabilization of the domain structure, which leads to a decrease of the electric losses. The results are discussed with respect to the effective strain of PZT ceramics for piezoelectric actuators.
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