Evolution of bias field and offset piezoelectric coefficient in bulk lead zirconate titanate with fatigue Available to Purchase

Hysteresis loops of the piezoelectric coefficient, $d33=f(E3)$⁠, are measured on virgin and fatigued lead zirconate titanate ceramics. Four parameters are directly extracted from the measurements: internal bias field $Eb$⁠, offset piezoelectric coefficient $doffset$⁠, coercive field $Ec$⁠, and remnant piezoelectric coefficient $dr$⁠. The reduction in $dr$ displays the decreasing switchable polarization with fatigue cycling. $Eb$ and $doffset$ are found to be linearly related. After thermal annealing, both offsets disappear, while the increase in $Ec$ and the reduction in $dr$ withstand annealing. The microscopic entities responsible for the offsets are less stable than those for reduced switching.