Amorphous thin films have been deposited by molecular beam deposition directly on silicon without detectable oxidation of the underlying substrate. We have studied these abrupt interfaces by Auger electron spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, medium-energy ion scattering, transmission infrared absorption spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Together these techniques indicate that the films are fully oxidized and have less than 0.2 Å of at the interface between the amorphous and silicon. These heterostructures are being investigated for alternative gate dielectric applications and provide an opportunity to control the interface between the silicon and the gate dielectric.
REFERENCES
1.
D. A.
Muller
, T.
Sorsch
, S.
Moccio
, F. H.
Baumann
, K.
Evans-Lutterodt
, and G.
Timp
, Nature (London)
399
, 758
(1999
).2.
C. A. Billman, P. H. Tan, K. J. Hubbard, and D. G. Schlom, in Ultrathin and High-K Materials for ULSI Gate Dielectrics, edited by H. R. Huff, C. A. Richter, M. L. Green, G. Lucovsky, and T. Hattori (Materials Research Society, Warrendale, PA, 1999), Vol. 567, pp. 409–414.
3.
A. I.
Kingon
, J.-P.
Maria
, and S. K.
Streiffer
, Nature (London)
406
, 1032
(2000
).4.
5.
6.
7.
X.-B.
Lu
, Z.-G.
Liu
, Y.-P.
Wang
, Y.
Yang
, X.-P.
Wang
, H.-W.
Zhou
, and B.-Y.
Nguyen
, J. Appl. Phys.
94
, 1229
(2003
).8.
L. F.
Edge
, D. G.
Schlom
, S. A.
Chambers
, E.
Cicerrella
, J. L.
Freeouf
, B.
Holländer
, and J.
Schubert
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
84
, 726
(2004
).9.
S. Stemmer and D. G. Schlom, in Nano and Giga Challenges in Microelectronics, edited by J. Greer, A. Korkin, and J. Labanowski (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2003), pp. 129–150.
10.
International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors: 2003 (Semiconductor Industry Association, San Jose, CA, 2003).
11.
S.
Guha
, E.
Cartier
, M. A.
Gribelyuk
, N. A.
Bojarczuk
, and M. C.
Copel
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
77
, 2710
(2000
).12.
13.
J.
Kwo
, M.
Hong
, A. R.
Kortan
, K. L.
Queeney
, Y. J.
Chabal
, R. L.
Opila
, D. A.
Muller
, S. N. G.
Chu
, B. J.
Sapjeta
, T. S.
Lay
, J. P.
Mannaerts
, T.
Boone
, H. W.
Krautter
, J. J.
Krajewski
, A. M.
Seregent
, and J. M.
Rosamilia
, J. Appl. Phys.
89
, 3920
(2001
).14.
S.
Stemmer
, D. O.
Klenov
, Z.
Chen
, D.
Niu
, R. W.
Ashcraft
, and G. N.
Parsons
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
81
, 712
(2002
).15.
W.
Tsai
, R. J.
Carter
, H.
Nohira
, M.
Caymax
, T.
Conard
, V.
Cosnier
, S.
DeGendt
, M.
Heyns
, J.
Petry
, O.
Richard
, W.
Vandervorst
, E.
Young
, C.
Zhao
, J.
Maes
, M.
Tuominen
, W. H.
Schulte
, E.
Garfunkel
, and T.
Gustafsson
, Microelectron. Eng.
65
, 259
(2003
).16.
J.
Kwo
, M.
Hong
, B.
Busch
, D. A.
Muller
, Y. J.
Chabal
, A. R.
Kortan
, J. P.
Mannaerts
, B.
Yang
, P.
Ye
, H.
Gossmann
, A. M.
Sergent
, K. K.
Ng
, J.
Bude
, W. H.
Schulte
, E.
Garfunkel
, and T.
Gustafsson
, J. Cryst. Growth
251
, 645
(2003
).17.
M.
Ritala
, K.
Kukli
, A.
Rahtu
, P. I.
Räisänen
, M.
Leskelä
, T.
Sajavaara
, and J.
Keinonen
, Science
288
, 319
(2000
).18.
E. P.
Gusev
, M.
Copel
, E.
Cartier
, I. J. R.
Baumvol
, C.
Krug
, and M. A.
Gribelyuk
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
76
, 176
(2000
).19.
S.
Guha
, E.
Cartier
, N. A.
Bojarczuk
, J.
Bruley
, L.
Gignac
, and J.
Karasinski
, J. Appl. Phys.
90
, 512
(2001
).20.
S. J.
Wang
, C. K.
Ong
, S. Y.
Xu
, P.
Chen
, W. C.
Tjiu
, J. W.
Chai
, A. C. H.
Huan
, W. J.
Yoo
, J. S.
Lim
, W.
Feng
, and W. K.
Choi
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
78
, 1604
(2001
).21.
22.
H.
Li
, X.
Hu
, Y.
Wei
, Z.
Yu
, X.
Zhang
, R.
Droopad
, A. A.
Demkov
, J.
Edwards
, K.
Moore
, W.
Ooms
, J.
Kulik
, and P.
Fejes
, J. Appl. Phys.
93
, 4521
(2003
).23.
J. Y.
Dai
, P. F.
Lee
, K. H.
Wong
, H. L. W.
Chen
, and C. L.
Choy
, J. Appl. Phys.
94
, 912
(2003
).24.
L.
Yan
, H. B.
Lu
, G. T.
Tan
, F.
Chen
, Y. L.
Zhou
, G. Z.
Yang
, W.
Liu
, and Z. H.
Chen
, Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process.
77
, 721
(2003
).25.
L. F. Edge and D. G. Schlom (unpublished).
26.
The nominal film thicknesses given were calculated from the fluxes of the molecular beams (measured by a quartz crystal microbalance) assuming the amorphous films had the density of crystalline The areal density (atoms/cm2) of lanthanum and aluminum in the films was confirmed by RBS. The thicknesses of the amorphous films were also measured by x-ray reflectivity and show 1.5–2 times the thicknesses determined assuming the density of crystalline These differences will be discussed elsewhere.
27.
J.
Lettieri
, J. H.
Haeni
, and D. G.
Schlom
, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A
20
, 1332
(2002
).28.
B. B.
Stefanov
, A. G.
Gurevich
, M. K.
Weldon
, K.
Raghavachari
, and Y. J.
Chabal
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
81
, 3908
(1998
).
This content is only available via PDF.
© 2004 American Institute of Physics.
2004
American Institute of Physics
You do not currently have access to this content.