The atomic structure of the film–substrate interface of a (001) film, determined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and simulation, is reported. The structure of superconductivity-quenching out-of-phase boundaries (OPBs) in the film is also reported. Growth in one region on the La-terminated surface is observed to nucleate with a SrO layer. Because two structurally equivalent SrO layers exist within the unit cell, two neighboring nuclei with differing growth order or will nucleate an OPB where their misaligned growth fronts meet. Strategies to avoid OPB generation by this mechanism are suggested, which it is hoped may ultimately lead to superconducting films.
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