Large enhancement of photoanisotropic effects is demonstrated in thin films of the biomaterial Bacteriorhodopsin by using two exciting beams of orthogonal polarization. The mechanism of the enhancement originates from optimization of direction-selected photoisomerization of the biomaterial controlled by the polarized exciting beams. The technique is applied for achieving an all-optical switch with the additional feature of output sign control.

1.
H.
Ono
and
N.
Kawatsuki
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
74
,
935
(
1999
).
2.
J.
Peretti
,
J.
Biteau
,
J. P.
Boilot
, and
F.
Chaput
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
74
,
1657
(
1999
).
3.
H.
Inoue
,
H.
Sakaguchi
, and
T.
Nagamura
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
73
,
10
(
1998
).
4.
H.
Imam
,
L. R.
Lindvold
, and
P. S.
Ramanujam
,
Opt. Lett.
20
,
225
(
1995
).
5.
H.
Knobloch
,
H.
Orendi
,
M.
Buchel
,
T.
Seki
,
S.
Ito
, and
W.
Knoll
,
J. Appl. Phys.
77
,
481
(
1995
).
6.
H.
Knobloch
,
H.
Orendi
,
M.
Buchel
,
T.
Seki
,
S.
Ito
, and
W.
Knoll
,
J. Appl. Phys.
76
,
8212
(
1994
).
7.
T.
Ikeda
and
O.
Tsutsumi
,
Science
268
,
1873
(
1995
).
8.
G. E.
Dovgalenko
,
M.
Klotz
,
G. J.
Salamo
, and
G. L.
Wood
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
68
,
287
(
1996
).
9.
M.
Kidowaki
,
T.
Fujiwara
,
S.
Morino
, and
K.
Ichimura
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
76
,
1377
(
2000
).
10.
E. V.
Keuren
,
T.
Wakebe
,
R.
Andreaus
,
H.
Möhwald
,
W.
Schrof
,
V.
Belov
,
H.
Matsuda
, and
R.
Rangel-Rojo
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
75
,
3312
(
1999
).
11.
M-C.
Oh
,
H.
Zhang
,
A.
Szep
,
V.
Chuyanov
,
W. H.
Steier
,
C.
Zhang
,
L. R.
Dalton
,
H.
Erlig
,
B.
Tsap
, and
H. R.
Fetterman
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
76
,
3525
(
2000
).
12.
S.
Bauer
,
J. Appl. Phys.
80
,
5531
(
1996
).
13.
K.
Clays
,
S. V.
Elshocht
, and
A.
Persoons
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
25
,
1391
(
2000
).
14.
D. V. G. L. N. Rao, F. J. Aranda, D. Narayana Rao, J. Joseph, J. A. Akkara, and M. Nakashima, in Photonic Polymer Systems, edited by D. L. Wise, G. E. Wnek, D. J. Trantolo, T. M. Cooper, and J. D. Gresser (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1998), Chap. 16, pp. 633–691.
15.
M.
Sanio
,
U.
Settele
,
K.
Anderle
, and
N.
Hampp
,
Opt. Lett.
24
,
379
(
1999
).
16.
Y.
Okada-shudo
,
Proc. SPIE
4461
,
138
(
2001
).
17.
P.
Bhattacharya
,
J.
Xu
,
G.
Váró
,
D. L.
Marcy
, and
R. R.
Birge
,
Opt. Lett.
27
,
839
(
2002
).
18.
Q. W.
Song
,
Y.-H.
Zhang
,
R. R.
Birge
, and
J. D.
Downie
,
Proc. SPIE
3470
,
226
(
1998
).
19.
E. Y.
Korchemskaya
,
D. A.
Stepanchikov
,
A. B.
Druzhko
, and
T. V.
Dyukova
,
J. Biol. Phys.
24
,
201
(
1999
), and references therein.
This content is only available via PDF.
You do not currently have access to this content.