Local structure and effective chemical valency of Mn impurity atoms incorporated in wide-band-gap (Ga,Mn)N epilayers have been investigated by using x-ray absorption fine structure techniques. The x-ray results provide direct evidence for the substitution of majority Mn atoms for the Ga sites in GaN, with an effective valency close to Mn(II), up to a rather high Mn concentration about 2 at. %. A small fraction of the impurity atoms could also form Mn clusters.

1.
S.
Koshihara
,
A.
Oiwa
,
M.
Hirasawa
,
S.
Katsumoto
,
Y.
Iye
,
C.
Urano
,
H.
Takagi
, and
H.
Munekata
,
Phys. Rev. Lett.
78
,
4617
(
1997
).
Google Scholar
 
2.
H.
Munekata
,
T.
Abe
,
S.
Koshihara
,
A.
Oiwa
,
M.
Hirasawa
,
S.
Katsumoto
,
Y.
Iye
,
C.
Urano
, and
H.
Takagi
,
J. Appl. Phys.
81
,
4862
(
1997
).
Google Scholar
 
3.
H.
Ohno
,
D.
Chiba
,
F.
Matsukura
,
T.
Omiya
,
E.
Abe
,
T.
Dietl
,
Y.
Ohno
, and
K.
Ohtani
,
Nature (London)
408
,
944
(
2000
).
Google Scholar
 
4.
J. M.
Kikkawa
and
D. D.
Awschalom
,
Phys. Rev. Lett.
80
,
4313
(
1998
).
Google Scholar
 
5.
H.
Munekata
,
H.
Ohno
,
S.
von Molnar
,
A.
Segmüller
,
L. L.
Chang
, and
L.
Esaki
,
Phys. Rev. Lett.
63
,
1849
(
1989
).
Google Scholar
 
6.
Y. L.
Soo
,
S. W.
Huang
,
Z. H.
Ming
,
Y. H.
Kao
,
H.
Munekata
, and
L. L.
Chang
,
Phys. Rev. B
53
,
4905
(
1996
).
Google Scholar
 
7.
S.
Haneda
,
M.
Yamaura
,
Y.
Takayani
,
K.
Hara
,
S.
Harigae
, and
H.
Munekata
,
Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 2
39
,
L9
(
2000
).
Google Scholar
 
8.
Y. L.
Soo
,
G.
Kioseoglou
,
S.
Huang
,
S.
Kim
,
Y. H.
Kao
,
Y.
Takatani
,
S.
Haneda
, and
H.
Munekata
,
Phys. Rev. B
63
,
195209
(
2001
).
Google Scholar
 
9.
T.
Dietl
,
H.
Ohno
,
F.
Matsukura
,
J.
Cibert
, and
D.
Ferrand
,
Science
287
,
1019
(
2000
).
Google Scholar
 
10.
S.
Kuwabara
,
T.
Kondo
,
T.
Chikyow
,
P.
Ahmet
, and
H.
Munekata
,
Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 2
40
,
L724
(
2001
).
Google Scholar
 
11.
Y. L.
Soo
,
Z. H.
Ming
,
S. W.
Huang
,
Y. H.
Kao
,
R. N.
Bhargava
, and
D.
Gallagher
,
Phys. Rev. B
50
,
7602
(
1994
), and references therein.
Google Scholar
 
12.
J. J.
Rehr
,
J. Mustre
de Leon
,
S. I.
Zabinsky
, and
R. C.
Albers
,
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
113
,
5135
(
1991
).
Google Scholar
 
13.
R.
Held
,
G.
Nowak
,
B. E.
Ishaug
,
S. M.
Seutter
,
A.
Parkhomovsky
,
A. M.
Dabiran
,
P. I.
Cohen
,
I.
Grzegory
, and
S.
Porowski
,
J. Appl. Phys.
85
,
7697
(
1999
).
Google Scholar
 
14.
R. W. G. Wyckoff, CRYSTAL STRUCTURES (Interscience, New York, 1960).
15.
K.
Lawniczak-Jablonska
,
R. J.
Iwanowski
,
Z.
Golacki
,
A.
Traverse
,
S.
Pizzini
,
A.
Fontaine
,
I.
Winter
, and
J.
Hormes
,
Phys. Rev. B
53
,
1119
(
1996
).
Google Scholar
 
16.
Z. H.
Lu
,
T.
Tyliszczak
,
P.
Broderson
,
A. P.
Hitchcock
,
J. B.
Webb
,
H.
Tang
, and
J.
Bardwell
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
75
,
534
(
1999
).
Google Scholar
 
17.
L.-C.
Duda
,
C. B.
Stagarescu
,
J.
Downes
,
K. E.
Smith
,
D.
Korakakis
,
T. D.
Moustakas
,
J.
Guo
, and
J.
Nordgren
,
Phys. Rev. B
58
,
1928
(
1998
).
Google Scholar
 
18.
K.
Lawniczak-Jablonska
,
T.
Suski
,
I.
Gorczyca
,
N. E.
Christensen
,
K. E.
Attenkofer
,
R. C. C.
Perera
,
E. M.
Gullikson
,
J. H.
Underwood
,
D. L.
Ederer
, and
Z. Liliental
Weber
,
Phys. Rev. B
61
,
16623
(
2000
).
Google Scholar
 
This content is only available via PDF.
© 2001 American Institute of Physics.
2001
American Institute of Physics
You do not currently have access to this content.