Polymeric fibers with diameters in the range from 50 nm to 5 μm are produced by accelerating a fluid jet in an electric field, in a process known as “electrospinning.” Here we show that an essential element of the process is a fluid instability, the rapidly whipping jet. The phenomena responsible for the onset of whipping are revealed by a linear instability analysis that describes the jet behavior in terms of known fluid properties and operating conditions. The behavior of two competing instabilities, the Rayleigh mode and the axisymmetric conducting mode, is also described. The results are summarized using operating diagrams, delineating regimes of operation in electrospinning, which are in good agreement with experimental observations.
REFERENCES
1.
R.
Jaeger
, M. M.
Bergshoef
, C.
Martin-i-Batlle
, H.
Schoenherr
, and G. J.
Vansco
, Macromol. Symp.
127
, 141
(1998
).2.
3.
4.
L.
Huang
, R. A.
McMillan
, R. P.
Apkarian
, B.
Pourdeyhimi
, V. P.
Conticello
, and E. L.
Chaikof
, Macromolecules
33
, 2899
(2000
).5.
6.
L.
Larrondo
and R.
St. John Manley
, J. Polym. Sci., Part A-2
19
, 909
(1981
).7.
8.
A. Ziabicki, Fundamentals of Fibre Formation: The Science of Fiber Spinning and Drawing (Wiley, New York, 1976).
9.
G. I.
Taylor
, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A
280
, 383
(1964
).10.
S. B. Warner, A. Buer, S. C. Ugbolue, G. C. Rutledge, and Y. M. Shin, National Textile Center Annual Report No. 83-90 (1998).
11.
D. H.
Reneker
, A. L.
Yarin
, H.
Fong
, and S.
Koombhongse
, J. Appl. Phys.
87
, 4531
(2000
).12.
G. I.
Taylor
, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A
313
, 453
(1969
).13.
14.
15.
M. M. Hohman, Y. M. Shin, G. C. Rutledge, and M. P. Brenner, Phys. Fluids (to be published).
16.
V. N.
Kirichenko
, I. V.
Petryanov-Sokolov
, N. N.
Suprun
, and A. A.
Shutov
, Sov. Phys. Dokl.
31
, 611
(1986
).
This content is only available via PDF.
© 2001 American Institute of Physics.
2001
American Institute of Physics
You do not currently have access to this content.