9-(2-Ethyl-hexyl)-3-[2-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)vinyl]-9H-carbazole (EHCS) was synthesized as a monolithic photorefractive molecule forming low Tg(∼25 °C) organic glass. It showed distinct photoconductivity due to the carbazole moiety and the optical nonlinearity by the push–pull structure. The EHCS glass showed excellent optical quality and great stability as the ethylhexyl group effectively suppressed the crystallization in the films. Also, the extremely simple structure of EHCS contributed to a very high chromophore concentration. This single-component photorefractive glass of EHCS showed large net gain (56.3 cm−1) and diffraction efficiency (12%). Photorefractivity of EHCS glass was greatly improved by doping with a small amount (<1%) of 2,4,7-trinitrofluorenone (TNF). The two-beam coupling gain of samples with TNF was 113 cm−1 and the diffraction efficiency was 29%.

Topics
Diffraction, Photoconductivity, Optical nonlinearities, Chemical compounds
1.
D. D. Nolte, Photorefractive Effect and Materials (Kluwer Academic, Boston, MA, 1995).
2.
Y.
Zhang
,
T.
Wada
, and
H.
Sasabe
,
J. Mater. Chem.
8
,
809
(
1998
).
Google Scholar
 
3.
W. E.
Moerner
,
A.
Grunnet-Jepsen
, and
C. L.
Thompson
,
Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci.
27
,
585
(
1997
).
Google Scholar
 
4.
S.
Ducharme
,
J. C.
Scott
,
R. J.
Twieg
, and
W. E.
Moerner
,
Phys. Rev. Lett.
66
,
1846
(
1991
).
Google Scholar
 
5.
T. Wada, Y. Zhang, L. Wang, and H. Sasabe, ANTEC’96 1504 (1996).
6.
P. M.
Lundquist
,
R.
Wortmann
,
C.
Geletneky
,
R. J.
Twieg
,
M.
Jurich
,
V. Y.
Lee
,
C. R.
Moylan
, and
D. M.
Burland
,
Science
274
,
1182
(
1996
).
Google Scholar
 
7.
S.
Schloter
,
A.
Schreiber
,
M.
Grasruck
,
A.
Leopold
,
M.
Kol’chenko
,
J.
Pan
,
C.
Hohle
,
P.
Strohriegl
,
S. J.
Zilker
, and
D.
Haarer
,
Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt.
B68
,
899
(
1999
).
Google Scholar
 
8.
K.
Ogino
,
S-H.
Park
, and
H.
Sato
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
74
,
3936
(
1999
).
Google Scholar
 
9.
Q.
Wang
,
L.
Wang
,
H.
Saadeh
, and
L.
Yu
,
Chem. Commun. (Cambridge)
17
,
1689
(
1999
).
Google Scholar
 
10.
S.
Kim
,
H.
Moon
,
J.
Hwang
,
J.
Sohn
,
J.
Seo
,
S. Y.
Park
,
T. I.
Kang
, and
B. R.
Cho
,
Chem. Phys.
256
,
289
(
2000
).
Google Scholar
 
11.
S. Y.
Pyun
,
H.
Moon
,
J. K.
Lee
,
N.
Kim
, and
S. Y.
Park
,
Macromol. Symp.
142
,
61
(
1999
).
Google Scholar
 
12.
J. Sohn, H. Moon, J. Mun, C. S. Yoon, and S. Y. Park, React. Func. Polym. (to be published).
13.
J. Hwang, S. Y. Park, T. Aoyama, T. Wada, and H. Sasabe (unpublished).
14.
IR (KBr pellet, cm−1) 1587 (–CH=CH–), 1290, 1151 (–SO2–), H-NMR1(CDCl3,300 MHz)δ0.89(m,5H), 1.34 (m, 9H), 2.04 (s, 1H), 3.07 (s, 3H, –SO2CH3), 4.17 (d, 2H), 7.13 (d, 1H, J=16.3, stilbene), 7.27 (m, 2H, stilbene and carbazole), 7.42 (m, 4H, carbazole), 7.67 (d, 2H, J=8.25, benzene), 7.90 (d, 2H, J=8.07, benzene), 8.12 (d, 1H, J=7.53, carbazole), 8.25 (s, 1H, carbazole).
15.
G.
Bäuml
,
S.
Schloter
,
U.
Hofmann
, and
D.
Haarer
,
Opt. Commun.
154
,
75
(
1998
).
Google Scholar
 
This content is only available via PDF.
© 2000 American Institute of Physics.
2000
American Institute of Physics
You do not currently have access to this content.