Comparison of the annealing behavior of high-dose $nitrogen-,$ aluminum-, and boron-implanted 4H–SiC Available to Purchase

Room temperature free carrier concentrations exceeding $1×1018 cm−1$ have been achieved with 1000 °C implants into 4H–SiC using N and Al (⁠$1×1017 cm−3$ using B). A decrease in resistivity is observed for annealing temperatures above $∼1300,$ $∼1500,$ and $∼1750 °C$ for N, Al, and B, respectively. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy measurements indicate almost complete recrystallization for N-implanted samples and partial recrystallization on the silicon, but not the carbon, sublattice for B- and Al-implanted samples. An implant and species related step formation is also observed. Only boron is observed to diffuse appreciably. A crystal stoichiometry and Fermi level dependent model is proposed to explain the activation results.