A method of measuring magnetic dissipation on a sub-100 nm scale is presented. This technique relies on measuring changes in the damping of the oscillating tip in a magnetic force microscope (MFM). Damping contrast is strongly correlated with micromagnetic structure and in the case of NiFe, is in quantitative agreement with magnetoelastic losses in the sample. On recording tracks, large damping signals are observed. This has direct consequences on the interpretation of traditional MFM images acquired with detectors that convolute frequency and damping information.

1.
For reviews see: P. Grutter, H.J. Mamin, and D. Rugar, Springer Series Surf. Sci. 28, 151 (1992);
K.
Babcock
,
M.
Dugas
,
S.
Manalis
, and
V.
Elings
,
Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc.
355
,
311
(
1995
).
2.
P.
Grutter
and
R.
Allenspach
,
Geophys. J. Int.
116
,
502
(
1994
).
3.
W.
Denk
and
D.W.
Pohl
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
59
,
2171
(
1991
).
4.
P.
Grutter
,
D.
Rugar
,
H.J.
Mamin
,
G.
Castillo
,
S.E.
Lambert
,
C.-J.
Lin
,
R.M.
Valetta
,
O.
Wolter
,
T.
Bayer
, and
J.
Greschner
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
57
,
1820
(
1990
).
5.
Because of the rather large oscillation amplitude the term force gradient refers to an averaged force gradient that is sampled by the tip during one oscillation cycle.
6.
U.
Durig
,
O.
Zuger
, and
A.
Stalder
,
J. Appl. Phys.
72
,
1778
(
1992
).
7.
U. Durig and H.R. Steinauer (unpublished).
8.
T.R.
Albrecht
,
P.
Grutter
,
D.
Horne
, and
D.
Rugar
,
J. Appl. Phys.
69
,
668
(
1991
).
9.
H.J.
Mamin
,
D.
Rugar
,
J.E.
Stern
,
R.E.
Fontana
, Jr.
, and
P.
Kasiraj
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
55
,
318
(
1989
).
10.
Y. Liu, B. Ellmann, and P. Grutter, Appl. Phys. Lett. (submitted).
11.
M.R.
Scheinfein
,
J.
Unguris
,
D.T.
Pierce
, and
R.J.
Celotta
,
J. Appl. Phys.
67
,
5932
(
1990
).
12.
D.W.
Abraham
and
F.A.
McDonald
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
56
,
1181
(
1990
).
13.
S.
Foss
,
R.
Proksch
,
E.D.
Dahlberg
,
B.
Moskowitz
, and
B.
Walsh
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
69
,
3426
(
1996
).
14.
Q.
Su
,
Y.
Zheng
,
A.
Roytburd
, and
M.
Wuttig
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
66
,
2424
(
1995
)
This content is only available via PDF.
You do not currently have access to this content.