The design and theory of operation of a new form of near field polarizing optical microscope are presented. The system uses electro‐optic premodulation of light to generate two simultaneous complementary images of samples. This affords the capability to obtain a final output signal which is a linear representation of the sample birefringence, and is independent of the sample transmissivity/reflectivity. A number of images are presented.

1.
D. W.
Pohl
,
W.
Denk
, and
M.
Lanz
,
Appl. Lett.
44
,
651
(
1984
).
2.
G. A.
Massey
,
J. O.
Davis
,
S. M.
Katnik
, and
E.
Onion
,
Appl. Opt.
24
,
1498
(
1985
).
3.
U. T.
During
,
D. W.
Pohl
, and
F.
Rohner
,
J. Appl. Phys.
59
,
3318
(
1986
).
4.
A.
Harootunian
,
E.
Betzig
,
M.
Isaacson
, and
A.
Lewis
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
49
,
674
(
1986
).
5.
E.
Betzig
,
M.
Isaacson
, and
A.
Lewis
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
51
,
2088
(
1987
).
6.
U. CH.
Fischer
,
U. T.
During
, and
D. W.
Pohl
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
52
,
249
(
1988
).
7.
F.
deFornel
,
J. L.
Goudonnet
,
L.
Salmon
, and
E.
Lesniewska
,
Proc. SPIE
1139
,
77
(
1989
).
8.
R. C.
Reddick
,
R. J.
Warmack
, and
T. L.
Ferrell
,
Phys. Rev. B
39
,
767
(
1989
).
9.
D.
Courjon
,
J. M.
Vigoureux
,
M.
Spajer
, and
K.
Sarayeddine
,
Appl. Opt.
29
,
3734
(
1990
).
10.
E.
Betzig
,
J. K.
Trautman
,
T. D.
Harris
,
J. S.
Weiner
, and
R. L.
Kostelak
,
Science
251
,
1468
(
1991
).
11.
N, F, van Hulst, F. B. Sergerink, and B. Bolger, in Scanned Probe Microscopy, edited by H. K. Wickramasinghe (AIP, New York, 1992) p. 79.
12.
E.
Betzig
,
P. L.
Finn
, and
J. S.
Weiner
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
60
,
2484
(
1992
).
13.
R.
Toledo-Crow
,
P. C.
Yang
,
Y.
Chen
, and
M.
Vaez-Iravani
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
60
,
2957
(
1992
).
14.
R.
Toledo-Crow
,
Y.
Chen
, and
M.
Vaez-Iravani
,
Proc. SPIE
1639
,
44
(
1992
).
15.
E.
Betzig
,
J. K.
Trautman
,
J. S.
Weiner
,
T. D.
Harris
, and
R.
Wolfe
,
Appl. Opt.
22
,
4563
(
1992
).
16.
E.
Betzig
,
J. K.
Trautman
,
R.
Wolfe
,
E. M.
Gyorgy
,
P. L.
Finn
,
M. H.
Kryder
, and
C. H.
Chang
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
61
,
142
(
1992
).
17.
C. W.
See
and
M.
Vaez-Iravani
,
Electron. Lett.
22
,
1079
(
1986
).
18.
K.
Lieberman
and
A.
Lewis
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
62
,
1335
(
1993
).
This content is only available via PDF.
You do not currently have access to this content.