Two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) at perovskite oxide interfaces, such as strontium titanate (STO), have garnered significant attention due to their induced ferromagnetic (FM), spin–orbit coupling, and superconducting properties. The , formed at the interface between STO and either insulating oxides or reactive metals, exhibits efficient charge-to-spin interconversion in (non-magnetic) structures. The insulating oxide layer at the interface attenuates the spin currents injected into the ferromagnet. In contrast, the metallic layers facilitate efficient spin current injection but suffer from spin current diffusion. Here, we present an approach to overcome these challenges by directly creating a at the surface through ion bombardment. This method enables efficient spin-to-charge conversion without an intermediate NM layer. Our experimental and simulation results demonstrate the generation of unconventional spin currents at the interface. Our findings may enable applications of complex oxide and ferromagnet interfaces for efficient charge-to-spin conversion, paving the way for low-power, room-temperature oxide-based spintronic devices.
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20 January 2025
Research Article|
January 22 2025
Charge-to-spin conversion at argon ion milled SrTiO3/NiFe hetero-interfaces Available to Purchase
Amrendra Kumar
;
Amrendra Kumar
(Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft)
1
Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
, Kanpur 208016, India
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Utkarsh Shashank
;
Utkarsh Shashank
(Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing)
2
Department of Physics and Information Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology
, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka 820-8502, Japan
3
Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg
, Origovägen 6 B, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Suman Kumar Maharana
;
Suman Kumar Maharana
(Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing)
1
Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
, Kanpur 208016, India
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John Rex Mohan
;
John Rex Mohan
(Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing)
2
Department of Physics and Information Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology
, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka 820-8502, Japan
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Joseph Vimal Vas
;
Joseph Vimal Vas
(Data curation, Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing)
4
Laboratory for in situ and operando Electron Nanoscopy, School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University
, Singapore 637616, Singapore
5
MajuLab, International Research Laboratory IRL 3654. CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University
, Singapore
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Surbhi Gupta
;
Surbhi Gupta
(Data curation, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing)
6
Department of Physics, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Barrister Mullah Colony
, Teliarganj, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211004, India
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Hironori Asada
;
Hironori Asada
(Funding acquisition, Project administration, Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing)
7
Division of Applied Science, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University,
Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
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Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski
;
Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski
(Data curation, Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing)
8
Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
, Jülich 52425, Germany
9
Institut für Experimentalphysik IV E, RWTH Aachen University
, Aachen 52056, Germany
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Yasuhiro Fukuma
;
Yasuhiro Fukuma
a)
(Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing)
1
Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
, Kanpur 208016, India
2
Department of Physics and Information Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology
, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka 820-8502, Japan
10
Research Center for Neuromorphic AI hardware, Kyushu Institute of Technology
, Kitakyushu 808-0196, Japan
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Rohit Medwal
Rohit Medwal
a)
(Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing)
1
Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
, Kanpur 208016, India
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Amrendra Kumar
1
Utkarsh Shashank
2,3
Suman Kumar Maharana
1
John Rex Mohan
2
Joseph Vimal Vas
4,5
Surbhi Gupta
6
Hironori Asada
7
Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski
8,9
Yasuhiro Fukuma
1,2,10,a)
Rohit Medwal
1,a)
1
Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
, Kanpur 208016, India
2
Department of Physics and Information Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology
, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka 820-8502, Japan
3
Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg
, Origovägen 6 B, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
4
Laboratory for in situ and operando Electron Nanoscopy, School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University
, Singapore 637616, Singapore
5
MajuLab, International Research Laboratory IRL 3654. CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University
, Singapore
6
Department of Physics, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Barrister Mullah Colony
, Teliarganj, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211004, India
7
Division of Applied Science, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University,
Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
8
Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
, Jülich 52425, Germany
9
Institut für Experimentalphysik IV E, RWTH Aachen University
, Aachen 52056, Germany
10
Research Center for Neuromorphic AI hardware, Kyushu Institute of Technology
, Kitakyushu 808-0196, Japan
Appl. Phys. Lett. 126, 032401 (2025)
Article history
Received:
September 11 2024
Accepted:
January 06 2025
Citation
Amrendra Kumar, Utkarsh Shashank, Suman Kumar Maharana, John Rex Mohan, Joseph Vimal Vas, Surbhi Gupta, Hironori Asada, Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski, Yasuhiro Fukuma, Rohit Medwal; Charge-to-spin conversion at argon ion milled SrTiO3/NiFe hetero-interfaces. Appl. Phys. Lett. 20 January 2025; 126 (3): 032401. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0238345
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