Over the last decades, a fabulous variety of synthetic superhydrophobic surfaces have been created, offering unique anti-wetting properties. A significant focus for these surfaces has been on their stay-dry and self-cleaning properties. However, unless in a saturated environment, water droplets lose mass through evaporation and this itself is a field of significant interest, which is illustrated by a flood of recent studies on surface contamination and potential surface transmission of infection by evaporating sessile droplets during the Covid-19 pandemic. Superhydrophobic surfaces alter a droplet's contact with a substrate and the surrounding environment, thus changing pinning and heat transfer properties. The droplet shape also alters the space into which vapor can diffuse. Despite the many excellent reviews on superhydrophobic surfaces, there does not appear to have been a focus on the overlap with evaporating sessile droplets. Here, we address this gap by outlining the diffusion-limited sessile droplet evaporation theory, applications on patterned superhydrophobic surfaces, effect of evaporative cooling on drop evaporation rates, and practical applications of drop evaporation on superhydrophobic surfaces, such as nanoparticle assembly, biomedical assay, analytical chemistry, and crystallization applications. Finally, we provide our personal views of possible future directions in these overlapping areas.
REFERENCES
1.
P.
Roach
,
N. J.
Shirtcliffe
, and
M. I.
Newton
, “
Progress in superhydrophobic surface development
,” Soft Matter
4
, 224
–240
(2008
).2.
D.
Quéré
, “
Wetting and roughness
,” Annu. Rev. Mater. Res.
38
, 71
–99
(2008
).3.
M.
Nosonovsky
and
B.
Bhushan
, “
Superhydrophobic surfaces and emerging applications: Non-adhesion, energy, green engineering
,” Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci.
14
, 270
–280
(2009
).4.
B.
Bhushan
and
Y. C.
Jung
, “
Natural and biomimetic artificial surfaces for superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning, low adhesion, and drag reduction
,” Prog. Mater. Sci.
56
, 1
–108
(2011
).5.
Z.-G.
Guo
and
W.-M.
Liu
, “
Sticky superhydrophobic surface
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
90
, 223111
(2007
).6.
L.
Feng
,
Y.
Zhang
,
J.
Xi
,
Y.
Zhu
,
N.
Wang
,
F.
Xia
, and
L.
Jiang
, “
Petal effect: A superhydrophobic state with high adhesive force
,” Langmuir
24
, 4114
–4119
(2008
).7.
C.
Neinhuis
and
W.
Barthlott
, “
Characterization and distribution of water-repellent, self-cleaning plant surfaces
,” Ann. Bot.
79
, 667
–677
(1997
).8.
W.
Barthlott
and
C.
Neinhuis
, “
Purity of the sacred lotus, or escape from contamination in biological surfaces
,” Planta
202
, 1
–8
(1997
).9.
S.
Wang
,
K.
Liu
,
X.
Yao
, and
L.
Jiang
, “
Bioinspired surfaces with superwettability: New insight on theory, design, and applications
,” Chem. Rev.
115
, 8230
–8293
(2015
).10.
T.
Kong
,
G.
Luo
,
Y.
Zhao
, and
Z.
Liu
, “
Bioinspired superwettability micro/nanoarchitectures: Fabrications and applications
,” Adv. Funct. Mater.
29
, 1808012
(2019
).11.
H. Y.
Erbil
, “
Practical applications of superhydrophobic materials and coatings: Problems and perspectives
,” Langmuir
36
, 2493
–2509
(2020
).12.
T.
Onda
,
S.
Shibuichi
,
N.
Satoh
, and
K.
Tsujii
, “
Super-water-repellent fractal surfaces
,” Langmuir
12
, 2125
–2127
(1996
).13.
M.
Miwa
,
A.
Nakajima
,
A.
Fujishima
,
K.
Hashimoto
, and
T.
Watanabe
, “
Effects of the surface roughness on sliding angles of water droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces
,” Langmuir
16
, 5754
–5760
(2000
).14.
H. Y.
Erbil
,
A. L.
Demirel
,
Y.
Avci
, and
O.
Mert
, “
Transformation of a simple plastic into a super-hydrophobic surface
,” Science
299
, 1377
–1380
(2003
).15.
A.
Tuteja
,
W.
Choi
,
M.
Ma
,
J. M.
Mabry
,
S. A.
Mazzella
,
G. C.
Rutledge
,
G. H.
McKinley
, and
R. E.
Cohen
, “
Designing superoleophobic surfaces
,” Science
318
, 1618
–1622
(2007
).16.
T.
Verho
,
C.
Bower
,
P.
Andrew
,
S.
Franssila
,
O.
Ikkala
, and
R. H. A.
Ras
, “
Mechanically durable superhydrophobic surfaces
,” Adv. Mater.
23
, 673
–678
(2011
).17.
E.
Celia
,
T.
Darmanin
,
E. T.
de Givenchy
,
S.
Amigoni
, and
F.
Guittard
, “
Recent advances in designing superhydrophobic surfaces
,” J. Colloid Interface Sci.
402
, 1
–18
(2013
).18.
L.
Wen
,
Y.
Tian
, and
L.
Jiang
, “
Bioinspired super-wettability from fundamental research to practical applications
,” Angew. Chem., Int. Ed.
54
, 3387
–3399
(2015
).19.
J. T.
Simpson
,
S. R.
Hunter
, and
T.
Aytug
, “
Superhydrophobic materials and coatings: A review
,” Rep. Prog. Phys.
78
, 086501
(2015
).20.
J.
Jeevahan
,
M.
Chandrasekaran
,
B. G.
Joseph
,
R. B.
Durairaj
, and
G.
Mageshwaran
, “
Superhydrophobic surfaces: A review on fundamentals, applications, and challenges
,” J. Coat. Technol. Res.
15
, 231
–250
(2018
).21.
D.
Wang
,
Q.
Sun
,
M.
Hokkanen
,
C.
Zhang
,
F.-Y.
Lin
,
Q.
Liu
,
S.-P.
Zhu
,
T.
Zhou
,
Q.
Chang
,
B.
He
,
Q.
Zhou
,
L.
Chen
,
Z.
Wang
,
R. H. A.
Ras
, and
X.
Deng
, “
Design of robust superhydrophobic surfaces
,” Nature
582
(7810
), 55
–59
(2020
).22.
H.
Teisala
and
H.-J.
Butt
, “
Hierarchical structures for superhydrophobic and superoleophobic surfaces
,” Langmuir
35
, 10689
–10703
(2019
).23.
T.
Darmanin
and
F.
Guittard
, “
Recent advances in the potential applications of bioinspired superhydrophobic materials
,” J. Mater. Chem A.
2
, 16319
–16359
(2014
).24.
E. J.
Falde
,
S. T.
Yohe
,
Y. L.
Colson
, and
M. W.
Grinstaff
, “
Superhydrophobic materials for biomedical applications
,” Biomaterials
104
, 87
–103
(2016
).25.
S.
Zhang
,
X.
Ouyang
,
J.
Li
,
S.
Gao
,
S.
Han
,
L.
Liu
, and
H.
Wei
, “
Underwater drag-reducing effect of superhydrophobic submarine model
,” Langmuir
31
, 587
–593
(2015
).26.
J.
Genzer
and
K.
Efimenko
, “
Recent developments in superhydrophobic surfaces and their relevance to marine fouling: A review
,” Biofouling
22
, 339
–360
(2006
).27.
G.
McHale
,
D. L.
Herbertson
,
S. J.
Elliott
,
N. J.
Shirtcliffe
, and
M. I.
Newton
, “
Electrowetting of nonwetting liquids and liquid marbles
,” Langmuir
23
, 918
–924
(2007
).28.
H. Y.
Erbil
, “
Evaporation of pure liquid sessile and spherical suspended drops: A review
,” Adv. Colloid Interface Sci.
170
, 67
–86
(2012
).29.
A. M.
Cazabat
and
G.
Guéna
, “
Evaporation of macroscopic sessile droplets
,” Soft Matter
6
, 2591
–2612
(2010
).30.
J. M.
Stauber
,
S. K.
Wilson
,
B. R.
Duffy
, and
K.
Sefiane
, “
On the lifetimes of evaporating droplets
,” J. Fluid Mech.
744
, R2
(2014
).31.
R. G.
Larson
, “
Transport and deposition patterns in drying sessile droplets
,” AIChE J.
60
, 1538
–1571
(2014
).32.
D.
Brutin
and
V.
Starov
, “
Recent advances in droplet wetting and evaporation
,” Chem. Soc. Rev.
47
, 558
–585
(2018
).33.
D.
Zang
,
S.
Tarafdar
,
Y. Y.
Tarasevich
,
M. D.
Choudhury
, and
T.
Dutta
, “
Evaporation of a droplet: From physics to applications
,” Phys. Rep.
804
, 1
–56
(2019
).34.
S. K.
Wilson
and
H.-M.
D'Ambrosio
, “
Evaporation of sessile droplets
,” Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.
55
, 481
–509
(2023
).35.
J. C.
Maxwell
, Collected Scientific Papers
(
Cambridge University Press
, 1890
), Vol.
2
, p. 625
.36.
I.
Langmuir
, “
The evaporation of small spheres
,” Phys. Rev.
12
, 368
–370
(1918
).37.
R. G.
Picknett
and
R. J.
Bexon
, “
The evaporation of sessile or pendant drops in still air
,” J. Colloid Interface Sci.
61
, 336
–350
(1977
).38.
K. S.
Birdi
,
D. T.
Vu
, and
A.
Winter
, “
A study of the evaporation rates of small water drops placed on a solid surface
,” J. Phys. Chem.
93
, 3702
–3703
(1989
).39.
S. M.
Rowan
,
M. I.
Newton
, and
G.
McHale
, “
Evaporation of microdroplets and the wetting of solid surfaces
,” J. Phys. Chem.
99
, 13268
–13271
(1995
).40.
G.
McHale
,
S. M.
Rowan
,
M. I.
Newton
, and
M. K.
Banerjee
, “
Evaporation and the wetting of a low-energy solid surface
,” J. Phys. Chem. B
102
, 1964
–1967
(1998
).41.
H. Y.
Erbil
,
G.
McHale
,
S. M.
Rowan
, and
M. I.
Newton
, “
Determination of receding contact angle of sessile drops on polymer surfaces by evaporation
,” Langmuir
15
, 7378
–7385
(1999
).42.
C.
Bourges-Monnier
and
M. E. R.
Shanahan
, “
Influence of evaporation on contact angle
,” Langmuir
11
, 2820
–2829
(1995
).43.
H. Y.
Erbil
,
G.
McHale
, and
M. I.
Newton
, “
Drop evaporation on solid surfaces: Constant contact angle mode
,” Langmuir
18
, 2636
–2641
(2002
).44.
H.
Hu
and
R. G.
Larson
, “
Evaporation of a sessile droplet on a substrate
,” J. Phys. Chem. B
106
, 1334
–1344
(2002
).45.
H.
Hu
and
R. G.
Larson
, “
Analysis of the microfluid flow in an evaporating sessile droplet
,” Langmuir
21
, 3963
–3971
(2005
).46.
Y. O.
Popov
, “
Evaporative deposition patterns: Spatial dimensions of the deposit
,” Phys. Rev. E
71
(3
), 036313
(2005
).47.
T. A.
Nguyen
,
A. V.
Nguyen
,
M. A.
Hampton
,
Z. P.
Xu
,
L.
Huang
, and
V.
Rudolph
, “
Theoretical and experimental analysis of droplet evaporation on solid surfaces
,” Chem. Eng. Sci.
69
, 522
–529
(2012
).48.
T. A.
Nguyen
and
A. V.
Nguyen
, “
Transient volume of evaporating sessile droplets: 2/3, 1/1, or another power law?
,” Langmuir
30
, 6544
–6547
(2014
).49.
T. A.
Nguyen
,
S. R.
Biggs
, and
A. V.
Nguyen
, “
Analytical model for diffusive evaporation of sessile droplets coupled with ınterfacial cooling effect
,” Langmuir
34
, 6955
–6962
(2018
).50.
Y.
Shen
,
F.
Kang
,
Y.
Cheng
,
K.
Zhang
, and
Y.
Sui
, “
Numerical and theoretical analysis of fast evaporating sessile droplets with coupled fields
,” Int. J. Therm. Sci.
172
, 107284
(2022
).51.
A. J.
Jenkins
,
G. G.
Wells
,
R.
Ledesma-Aguilar
,
D.
Orejon
,
S.
Armstrong
, and
G.
McHale
, “
Suppression of crystallisation in saline drop evaporation on pinning-free surfaces
,” J. Chem. Phys.
158
, 124708
(2023
).52.
G.
McHale
,
S.
Aqil
,
N. J.
Shirtcliffe
,
M. I.
Newton
, and
H. Y.
Erbil
, “
Analysis of droplet evaporation on a superhydrophobic surface
,” Langmuir
21
, 11053
–11060
(2005
).53.
X.
Zhang
,
S.
Tan
,
N.
Zhao
,
X.
Guo
,
X.
Zhang
,
Y.
Zhang
, and
J.
Xu
, “
Evaporation of sessile water droplets on superhydrophobic natural lotus and biomimetic polymer surfaces
,” ChemPhysChem
7
, 2067
–2070
(2006
).54.
H. Y.
Erbil
and
R. A.
Meric
, “
Evaporation of sessile drops on polymer surfaces: Ellipsoidal cap geometry
,” J. Phys. Chem. B
101
, 6867
–6873
(1997
).55.
S.
Tan
,
X.
Zhang
,
N.
Zhao
, and
J.
Xu
, “
Simulation of sessile water-droplet evaporation on superhydrophobic polymer surfaces
,” Chin. J. Chem. Phys.
20
, 140
–144
(2007
).56.
S. A.
Kulinich
and
M.
Farzaneh
, “
Effect of contact angle hysteresis on water droplet evaporation from super-hydrophobic surfaces
,” Appl. Surf. Sci.
255
, 4056
–4060
(2009
).57.
A.
Anantharaju
,
M.
Panchagnula
, and
S.
Neti
, “
Evaporating drops on patterned surfaces: Transition from pinned to moving triple line
,” J. Colloid Interface Sci.
337
, 176
–182
(2009
).58.
D. H.
Shin
,
S. H.
Lee
,
C. K.
Choi
, and
S.
Retterer
, “
The evaporation and wetting dynamics of sessile water droplets on submicron-scale patterned silicon hydrophobic surfaces
,” J. Micromech. Microeng.
20
, 055021
(2010
).59.
M.
Dandan
and
H. Y.
Erbil
, “
Evaporation rate of graphite liquid marbles: Comparison with water droplets
,” Langmuir
25
, 8362
–8367
(2009
).60.
A.
Tosun
and
H. Y.
Erbil
, “
Evaporation rate of PTFE liquid marbles
,” Appl. Surf. Sci.
256
, 1278
–1283
(2009
).61.
H.
Gelderblom
,
A. G.
Marín
,
H.
Nair
,
A.
van Houselt
,
L.
Lefferts
,
J. H.
Snoeijer
, and
D.
Lohse
, “
How water droplets evaporate on a superhydrophobic substrate
,” Phys. Rev. E
83
, 026306
(2011
).62.
B.
Sobac
and
D.
Brutin
, “
Triple-line behavior and wettability controlled by nanocoated substrates: Influence on sessile drop evaporation
,” Langmuir
27
, 14999
–15007
(2011
).63.
S.
Dash
and
S. V.
Garimella
, “
Droplet evaporation dynamics on a superhydrophobic surface with negligible hysteresis
,” Langmuir
29
, 10785
–10795
(2013
).64.
Y. C.
Chuang
,
C. K.
Chu
,
S. Y.
Lin
, and
L. J.
Chen
, “
Evaporation of water droplets on soft patterned surfaces
,” Soft Matter
10
, 3394
–3403
(2014
).65.
J. M.
Stauber
,
S. K.
Wilson
,
B. R.
Duffy
, and
K.
Sefiane
, “
Evaporation of droplets on strongly hydrophobic substrates
,” Langmuir
31
, 3653
–3660
(2015
).66.
S.
Ramos
,
J. F.
Dias
, and
B.
Canut
, “
Drop evaporation on superhydrophobic PTFE surfaces driven by contact line dynamics
,” J. Colloid Interface Sci.
440
, 133
–139
(2015
).67.
M.
Lee
,
W.
Kim
,
S.
Lee
,
S.
Baek
,
K.
Yong
, and
S.
Jeon
, “
Water droplet evaporation from sticky superhydrophobic surfaces
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
111
, 021603
(2017
).68.
A.
Paul
,
G.
Khurana
, and
P.
Dhar
, “
Substrate concavity ınfluenced evaporation mechanisms of sessile droplets
,” Phys. Fluids
33
, 082003
(2021
).69.
E.
Bormashenko
,
R.
Pogreb
,
G.
Whyman
, and
M.
Erlich
, “
Cassie-Wenzel wetting transition in vibrating drops deposited on rough surfaces: Is the dynamic Cassie-Wenzel wetting transition a 2D or 1D affair?
,” Langmuir
23
, 6501
–6503
(2007
).70.
D.
Bartolo
,
F.
Bouamrirene
,
É.
Verneuil
,
A.
Buguin
,
P.
Silberzan
, and
S.
Moulinet
, “
Bouncing or sticky droplets: Impalement transitions on micropatterned surfaces
,” Europhys. Lett.
74
, 299
–305
(2006
).71.
H. M.
Kwon
,
A. T.
Paxson
,
K. K.
Varanasi
, and
N. A.
Patankar
, “
Rapid deceleration-driven wetting transition during pendant drop deposition on superhydrophobic surfaces
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
106
, 036102
(2011
).72.
G.
Manukyan
,
J. M.
Oh
,
D.
van den Ende
,
R. G. H.
Lammertink
, and
F.
Mugele
, “
Electrical switching of wetting states on superhydrophobic surfaces: A route towards reversible Cassie-to-Wenzel transitions
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
106
, 014501
(2011
).73.
P.
Papadopoulos
,
L.
Mammen
,
X.
Deng
,
D.
Volmer
, and
H. J.
Butt
, “
How superhydrophobicity breaks down
,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
110
, 3254
–3258
(2013
).74.
S.
Moulinet
and
D.
Bartolo
, “
Life and death of a fakir droplet: Impalement transitions on superhydrophobic surfaces
,” Eur. Phys. J. E
24
, 251
–260
(2007
).75.
M.
Reyssat
,
J. M.
Yeomans
, and
D.
Quéré
, “
Impalement of fakir drops
,” Europhys. Lett.
81
, 26006
(2008
).76.
Y. C.
Jung
and
B.
Bhushan
, “
Wetting behaviour during evaporation and condensation of water microdroplets on superhydrophobic patterned surfaces
,” J. Microsc.
229
, 127
–140
(2008
).77.
C. H.
Choi
and
C. J.
Kim
, “
Droplet evaporation of pure water and protein solution on nanostructured superhydrophobic surfaces of varying heights
,” Langmuir
25
, 7561
–7567
(2009
).78.
P.
Tsai
,
R. G. H.
Lammertink
,
M.
Wessling
, and
D.
Lohse
, “
Evaporation-triggered wetting transition for water droplets upon hydrophobic microstructures
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
104
, 116102
(2010
).79.
M.
Gross
,
F.
Varnik
,
D.
Raabe
, and
I.
Steinbach
, “
Small droplets on superhydrophobic substrates
,” Phys. Rev. E
81
, 051606
(2010
).80.
X.
Chen
,
R.
Ma
,
J.
Li
,
C.
Hao
,
W.
Guo
,
B. L.
Luk
,
S. C.
Li
,
S.
Yao
, and
Z.
Wang
, “
Evaporation of droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces: Surface roughness and small droplet size effects
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
109
, 116101
(2012
).81.
U.
Tuvshindorj
,
A.
Yildirim
,
F. E.
Ozturk
, and
M.
Bayindir
, “
Robust Cassie state of wetting in transparent superhydrophobic coatings
,” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces
6
, 9680
–9688
(2014
).82.
A.
Bussonnière
,
M. B.
Bigdeli
,
D. Y.
Chueh
,
Q.
Liu
,
P.
Chen
, and
P. A.
Tsai
, “
Universal wetting transition of an evaporating water droplet on hydrophobic micro- and nano-structures
,” Soft Matter
13
, 978
–984
(2017
).83.
R.
Chen
,
L.
Jiao
,
X.
Zhu
,
Q.
Liao
,
D.
Ye
,
B.
Zhang
,
W.
Li
,
Y.
Lei
, and
D.
Li
, “
Cassie-to-Wenzel transition of droplet on the superhydrophobic surface caused by light ınduced evaporation
,” Appl. Therm. Eng.
144
, 945
–959
(2018
).84.
A.
Aldhaleai
,
F.
Khan
,
T.
Thundat
, and
P. A.
Tsai
, “
Evaporation dynamics of water droplets on superhydrophobic nanograss surfaces
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer
160
, 120149
(2020
).85.
S.
David
,
K.
Sefiane
, and
L.
Tadrist
, “
Experimental investigation of the effect of thermal properties of the substrate in the wetting and evaporation of sessile drops
,” Colloids Surf., A
298
, 108
–114
(2007
).86.
G. J.
Dunn
,
S. K.
Wilson
,
B. R.
Duy
,
S.
David
, and
K.
Sefiane
, “
The strong influence of substrate conductivity on droplet evaporation
,” J. Fluid Mech.
623
, 329
–351
(2009
).87.
B.
Sobac
and
D.
Brutin
, “
Thermal effects of the substrate on water droplet evaporation
,” Phys. Rev. E
86
, 021602
(2012
).88.
Z.
Pan
,
S.
Dash
,
J. A.
Weibel
, and
S. V.
Garimella
, “
Assessment of water droplet evaporation mechanisms on hydrophobic and superhydrophobic substrates
,” Langmuir
29
, 15831
–15841
(2013
).89.
S.
Dash
and
S. V.
Garimella
, “
Droplet evaporation on heated hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces
,” Phys. Rev. E
89
, 042402
(2014
).90.
A.
Chandramohan
,
J. A.
Weibel
, and
S. V.
Garimella
, “
Spatiotemporal infrared measurement of interface temperatures during water droplet evaporation on a nonwetting substrate
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
110
, 041605
(2017
).91.
M. J.
Gibbons
,
P.
Di Marco
, and
A. J.
Robinson
, “
Local heat transfer to an evaporating superhydrophobic droplet
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer
121
, 641
–652
(2018
).92.
M. H.
Mousa
,
A. A.
Günay
,
D.
Orejon
,
S.
Khodakarami
,
K.
Nawaz
, and
N.
Miljkovic
, “
Gas-phase temperature mapping of evaporating microdroplets
,” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces
13
, 15925
–15938
(2021
).93.
V.
Rastogi
,
S.
Melle
,
O. G.
Calderon
,
A. A.
Garcia
,
M.
Marquez
, and
O. D.
Velev
, “
Synthesis of light-diffracting assemblies from microspheres and nanoparticles in droplets on a superhydrophobic surface
,” Adv. Mater.
20
, 4263
–4268
(2008
).94.
Á. G.
Marín
,
H.
Gelderblom
,
A.
Susarrey-Arce
,
A.
van Houselt
,
L.
Lefferts
,
J. G. E.
Gardeniers
,
D.
Lohse
, and
J. H.
Snoeijer
, “
Building microscopic soccer balls with evaporating colloidal fakir drops
,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
109
, 16455
–16458
(2012
).95.
J.
Zhou
,
J.
Yang
,
Z.
Gu
,
G.
Zhang
,
Y.
Wei
,
X.
Yao
,
Y.
Song
, and
L.
Jiang
, “
Controllable fabrication of noniridescent microshaped photonic crystal assemblies by dynamic three-phase contact line behaviors on superhydrophobic substrates
,” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces
7
, 22644
–22651
(2015
).96.
S.
Wooh
,
H.
Huesmann
,
M. N.
Tahir
,
M.
Paven
,
K.
Wichmann
,
D.
Vollmer
,
W.
Tremel
,
P.
Papadopoulosa
, and
H.-J.
Butt
, “
Synthesis of mesoporous supraparticles on superamphiphobic surfaces
,” Adv. Mater.
27
, 7338
–7343
(2015
).97.
M.
Sperling
and
M.
Gradzielski
, “
Droplets, evaporation and a superhydrophobic surface: Simple tools for guiding colloidal particles into complex materials
,” Gels
3
, 15
(2017
).98.
C.
Seyfert
,
E. J. W.
Berenschot
,
N. R.
Tas
,
A.
Susarrey-Arce
, and
A.
Marin
, “
Evaporation-driven colloidal cluster assembly using droplets on superhydrophobic fractal-like structures
,” Soft Matter
17
, 506
–515
(2021
).99.
J.
McLane
,
C.
Wu
, and
M.
Khine
, “
Enhanced detection of protein in urine by droplet evaporation on a superhydrophobic plastic
,” Adv. Mater. Interfaces
2
, 1400034
(2015
).100.
F.
Gentile
,
M. L.
Coluccio
,
N.
Coppedè
,
F.
Mecarini
,
G.
Das
,
C.
Liberale
,
L.
Tirinato
,
M.
Leoncini
,
G.
Perozziello
,
P.
Candeloro
,
F.
De Angelis
, and
E.
Di Fabrizio
, “
Superhydrophobic surfaces as smart platforms for the analysis of diluted biological solutions
,” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces
4
, 3213
–3224
(2012
).101.
Y. C.
Kao
,
X.
Han
,
Y. H.
Lee
,
H. K.
Lee
,
G. C.
Phan-Quang
,
C. L.
Lay
,
H. Y. F.
Sim
,
V. J. X.
Phua
,
L. S.
Ng
,
C. W.
Ku
,
T. C.
Tan
,
I. Y.
Phang
,
N. S.
Tan
, and
X. Y.
Ling
, “
Multiplex surface-enhanced raman scattering ıdentification and quantification of urine metabolites in patient samples within 30 min
,” ACS Nano
14
, 2542
–2552
(2020
).102.
R.
Bhardwaj
and
A.
Agrawal
, “
Tailoring surface wettability to reduce chances of infection of COVID-19 by a respiratory droplet and to improve the effectiveness of personal protection equipment
,” Phys. Fluids
32
(8
), 081702
(2020
).103.
C.
Seyfert
,
J.
Rodríguez-Rodríguez
,
D.
Lohse
, and
A.
Marin
, “
Stability of respiratory-like droplets under evaporation
,” Phys. Rev. Fluids
7
, 023603
(2022
).104.
R.
Hernandez-Perez
,
Z. H.
Fan
, and
J. L.
Garcia-Cordero
, “
Evaporation-driven bioassays in suspended droplets
,” Anal. Chem.
88
, 7312
–7317
(2016
).105.
Y.
Wang
,
F.
Liu
,
Y.
Yang
, and
L.-P.
Xu
, “
Droplet evaporation-ınduced analyte concentration toward sensitive biosensing
,” Mater. Chem. Front.
5
, 5639
–5652
(2021
).106.
F.
De Angelis
,
F.
Gentile
,
F.
Mecarini
,
G.
Das
,
M.
Moretti
,
P.
Candeloro
,
M. L.
Coluccio
,
G.
Cojoc
,
A.
Accardo
,
C.
Liberale
,
R. P.
Zaccaria
,
G.
Perozziello
,
L.
Tirinato
,
A.
Toma
,
G.
Cuda
,
R.
Cingolani
, and
E.
Di Fabrizio
, “
Breaking the diffusion limit with superhydrophobic delivery of molecules to plasmonic nanofocusing SERS structures
,” Nat. Photonics
5
, 682
–687
(2011
).107.
S. Y.
Chou
,
C. C.
Yu
,
Y. T.
Yen
,
K. T.
Lin
,
H. L.
Chen
, and
W. F.
Su
, “
Romantic story or raman scattering? Rose petals as ecofriendly, low-cost substrates for ultrasensitive surface-enhanced raman scattering
,” Anal. Chem.
87
, 6017
–6024
(2015
).108.
X.
Hu
,
R.
Pan
,
M.
Cai
,
W.
Liu
,
X.
Luo
,
C.
Chen
,
G.
Jiang
, and
M.
Zhong
, “
Ultrafast laser micro-nano structured superhydrophobic teflon surfaces for enhanced SERS detection via evaporation concentration
,” Adv. Opt. Technol.
9
, 89
–100
(2020
).109.
V.
Fabre
,
F.
Carcenac
,
A.
Laborde
,
J.-B.
Doucet
,
C.
Vieu
,
P.
Louarn
, and
E.
Trevisiol
, “
Hierarchical superhydrophobic device to concentrate and precisely localize water-soluble analytes: A route to environmental analysis
,” Langmuir
38
, 14249
–14260
(2022
).110.
J.
Kind
and
C. M.
Thiele
, “
MRI and localised NMR spectroscopy of sessile droplets on hydrophilic, hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces—Examination of the chemical composition during evaporation
,” J. Magn. Reson.
307
, 106579
(2019
).111.
A.
Accardo
,
M.
Burghammer
,
E.
Cola
,
M.
Reynolds
,
E.
Fabrizio
, and
C.
Riekel
, “
Calcium carbonate mineralization: X-ray microdiffraction probing of the ınterface of an evaporating drop on a superhydrophobic surface
,” Langmuir
27
, 8216
–8222
(2011
).112.
S. A.
McBride
,
S.
Dash
, and
K. K.
Varanasi
, “
Evaporative crystallization in drops on superhydrophobic and liquid-ımpregnated surfaces
,” Langmuir
34
, 12350
–12358
(2018
).113.
O.
Carrier
,
N.
Shahidzadeh-Bonn
,
R.
Zargar
,
M.
Aytouna
,
M.
Habibi
,
J.
Eggers
, and
D.
Bonn
, “
Evaporation of water: Evaporation rate and collective effects
,” J. Fluid Mech.
798
, 774
–786
(2016
).114.
S.
Moradi Mehr
,
L.
Businaro
,
M.
Habibi
, and
A. R.
Moradi
, “
Collective behavior of evaporating droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces
,” AIChE J.
66
, e16284
(2020
).115.
Z.
Wang
,
D.
Orejon
,
Y.
Takata
, and
K.
Sefiane
, “
Wetting and evaporation of multicomponent droplets
,” Phys. Rep.
960
, 1
–37
(2022
).116.
K. M.
Al Balushi
,
G.
Duursma
,
P.
Valluri
,
K.
Sefiane
, and
D.
Orejon
, “
Binary mixture droplet evaporation on microstructured decorated surfaces and the mixed stick–slip modes
,” Langmuir
39
, 8323
–8338
(2023
).117.
H.
Tan
,
C.
Diddens
,
M.
Versluis
,
H.-J.
Butt
,
D.
Lohse
, and
X.
Zhang
, “
Self-wrapping of an ouzo drop induced by evaporation on a superamphiphobic surface
,” Soft Matter
13
, 2749
–2759
(2017
).118.
Y.
Shao
,
W.
Du
,
Y.
Fan
,
J.
Zhao
,
Z.
Zhang
, and
L.
Ren
, “
Near-ınfrared light accurately controllable superhydrophobic surface from water sticking to repelling
,” Chem. Eng. J.
427
, 131718
(2022
).119.
Y.
Li
,
D.
Quéré
,
C.
Lv
, and
Q.
Zheng
, “
Monostable superrepellent materials
,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
114
, 3387
–3392
(2017
).120.
T.-S.
Wong
,
S.
Kang
,
S. K. Y.
Tang
,
E. J.
Smythe
,
B. D.
Hatton
,
A.
Grinthal
, and
J.
Aizenberg
, “
Bioinspired self-repairing slippery surfaces with pressure-stable omniphobicity
,” Nature
477
(7365
), 443
–447
(2011
).121.
A.
Lafuma
and
D.
Quéré
, “
Slippery pre-suffused surfaces
,” Europhys. Lett.
96
, 56001
(2011
).122.
L.
Wang
and
T. J.
McCarthy
, “
Covalently attached liquids: Instant omniphobic surfaces with unprecedented repellency
,” Angew. Chem., Int. Ed.
55
, 244
–248
(2016
).123.
L.
Chen
,
S.
Huang
,
R. H. A.
Ras
, and
X.
Tian
, “
Omniphobic liquid-like surfaces
,” Nat. Rev. Chem.
7
, 123
–137
(2023
).124.
I. J.
Gresham
and
C.
Neto
, “
Advances and challenges in slippery covalently-attached liquid surfaces
,” Adv. Colloid Interface Sci.
315
, 102906
(2023
).125.
G.
Launay
,
M. S.
Sadullah
,
G.
McHale
,
R.
Ledesma‐Aguilar
,
H.
Kusumaatmaja
, and
G. G.
Wells
, “
Self-propelled droplet transport on shaped-liquid surfaces
,” Sci. Rep.
10
, 14987
(2020
).126.
T.
Mouterde
,
P.
Lecointre
,
G.
Lehoucq
,
A.
Checco
,
C.
Clanet
, and
D.
Quéré
, “
Two recipes for repelling hot water
,” Nat. Commun.
10
, 1410
(2019
).127.
D.
Mampallil
and
H. B.
Eral
, “
A review on suppression and utilization of the coffee-ring effect
,” Adv. Colloid Interface Sci.
252
, 38
–54
(2018
).128.
D. J.
Fairhurst
, “
Predicting evaporation rates of droplet arrays
,” J. Fluid Mech.
934
, F1
(2022
).© 2023 Author(s). Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.
2023
Author(s)
You do not currently have access to this content.