In electrode preparation, graphene-based electrodes usually form a uniaxially oriented stacking structure, which limits the Na+ diffusion in graphene electrodes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). In this work, a crumpled graphene (CG) anode with graded interlayer spacings was synthesized, and CG exhibits high-rate performance for SIBs. The CG has a folding microstructure like a paper clip that facilitates rapid adsorption/desorption of Na+ on its surface so that the diffusion kinetics of Na+ could be improved. The x-ray absorption fine structure and transmission electron microscope proved the mechanism of Na+ co-adsorption and explained the reason for its high-rate performance. When the three-dimensional CG is used as the anode of SIBs, it has a high-rate performance of 146 mAh g−1 with the current density increasing to 1 A g−1, and CG still maintained about 79 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 0.5 A g−1 with good structural stability.
REFERENCES
1.
X.
Jiang
,
Y.
Chen
,
X.
Meng
,
W.
Cao
,
C.
Liu
,
Q.
Huang
,
N.
Naik
,
V.
Murugadoss
,
M.
Huang
, and
Z.
Guo
, Carbon
191
, 448
(2022
).2.
T.
Zhang
,
P.
Liu
,
Y.
Zhong
,
J.
Zheng
,
K.
Deng
,
X.
Lv
,
H.
Li
,
W.
Tian
, and
J.
Ji
, Carbon
198
, 91
(2022
).3.
D.
Wu
,
H.
Li
,
B.
Kang
,
L.
Lu
,
X.
Sun
, and
F.
Wu
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
123
(2
), 020401
(2023
).4.
L.
Li
,
Y.
Luo
,
W.
Yuan
,
P.
Mou
,
Q.
Wu
,
L.
Zhang
,
Y.
Chen
,
J.
Shu
, and
L.
Zhang
, J. Mater. Sci. Technol.
149
, 112
(2023
).5.
X.-W.
Lv
,
X.-J.
Ye
,
X.-H.
Zheng
,
R.
Jia
, and
C.-S.
Liu
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
122
(17
), 173103
(2023
).6.
X.
Shi
,
Y.
Zuo
,
P.
Zhai
,
J.
Shen
,
Y.
Yang
,
Z.
Gao
,
M.
Liao
,
J.
Wu
,
J.
Wang
,
X.
Xu
,
Q.
Tong
,
B.
Zhang
,
B.
Wang
,
X.
Sun
,
L.
Zhang
,
Q.
Pei
,
D.
Jin
,
P.
Chen
, and
H.
Peng
, Nature
591
(7849
), 240
(2021
).7.
K.
Abraham
, ACS. Energy. Lett.
5
(11
), 3544
(2020
).8.
X.
Wang
,
B.
Cao
,
Q.
Gao
,
Q.
Cao
,
P.
Hu
,
Y.
Zhang
,
W.
Wei
, and
H.
Wang
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
121
(15
), 153902
(2022
).9.
X.
Liu
,
T.
Wang
,
T.
Ji
,
H.
Wang
,
H.
Liu
,
J.
Li
, and
D.
Chao
, J. Mater. Chem. A
10
(14
), 8031
(2022
).10.
P.
Molaiyan
,
G. S.
Dos Reis
,
D.
Karuppiah
,
C. M.
Subramaniyam
,
F.
García-Alvarado
, and
U.
Lassi
, Batteries
9
(2
), 116
(2023
).11.
H.
Zhang
,
N.
Luo
,
T.
Liu
,
F.
Chen
, and
Q.
Fu
, Carbon
196
, 1024
(2022
).12.
A. G.
Salek
,
P. Y.
Le
,
J. G.
Partridge
,
T. J.
Raeber
,
B.
Haberl
,
R.
Boehler
,
B. J.
Murdoch
,
J. E.
Bradby
,
T.
Ratcliff
,
R. G.
Elliman
,
D. R.
McKenzie
, and
D. G.
McCulloch
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
122
(18
), 181904
(2023
).13.
B.
Lee
,
M.
Kim
,
S.
Kim
,
J.
Nanda
,
S. J.
Kwon
,
H. D.
Jang
,
D.
Mitlin
, and
S. W.
Lee
, Adv. Energy. Mater.
10
(17
), 1903280
(2020
).14.
D.
Chen
,
W.
Zhang
,
K.
Luo
,
Y.
Song
,
Y.
Zhong
,
Y.
Liu
,
G.
Wang
,
B.
Zhong
,
Z.
Wu
, and
X.
Guo
, Energy Environ. Sci.
14
(4
), 2244
(2021
).15.
A. G.
Olabi
,
M. A.
Abdelkareem
,
T.
Wilberforce
, and
E. T.
Sayed
, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev.
135
, 110026
(2021
).16.
Y.
Liu
,
B. V.
Merinov
, and
W.
Goddard
III
, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
113
(14
), 3735
(2016
).17.
Z.-L.
Xu
,
G.
Yoon
,
K.-Y.
Park
,
H.
Park
,
O.
Tamwattana
,
S.
Joo Kim
,
W. M.
Seong
, and
K.
Kang
, Nat. Commun.
10
(1
), 2598
(2019
).18.
H.
Kim
,
J.
Hong
,
Y.-U.
Park
,
J.
Kim
,
I.
Hwang
, and
K.
Kang
, Adv. Funct. Mater.
25
(4
), 534
(2015
).19.
N.
Jiang
,
L.
Chen
,
H.
Jiang
,
Y.
Hu
, and
C.
Li
, Small
18
(15
), 2108092
(2022
).20.
J.
Wan
,
F.
Shen
,
W.
Luo
,
L.
Zhou
,
J.
Dai
,
X.
Han
,
W.
Bao
,
Y.
Xu
,
J.
Panagiotopoulos
,
X.
Fan
,
D.
Urban
,
A.
Nie
,
R.
Shahbazian-Yassar
, and
L.
Hu
, Chem. Mater.
28
(18
), 6528
(2016
).21.
X.
Liu
,
T.
Wang
,
T.
Zhang
,
Z.
Sun
,
T.
Ji
,
J.
Tian
,
H.
Wang
,
X.
Hao
,
H.
Liu
, and
D.
Chao
, Adv. Energy. Mater.
12
, 2202388
(2022
).22.
Z.
Guo
,
Z.
Xu
,
F.
Xie
,
J.
Jiang
,
K.
Zheng
,
S.
Alabidun
,
M.
Crespo-Ribadeneyra
,
Y.-S.
Hu
,
H.
Au
, and
M.-M.
Titirici
, Adv. Mater.
35
(42
), 2304091
(2023
).23.
Y. S.
Yun
,
Y.-U.
Park
,
S.-J.
Chang
,
B. H.
Kim
,
J.
Choi
,
J.
Wang
,
D.
Zhang
,
P. V.
Braun
,
H.-J.
Jin
, and
K.
Kang
, Carbon
99
, 658
(2016
).24.
Y.
Wang
,
X.
Liu
,
C.
Yang
,
N.
Li
,
K.
Yan
,
T.
Ji
,
H.
Chi
,
F.
Sun
,
J.
Zhao
, and
Y.
Li
, Surf. Coat. Technol.
360
, 110
(2019
).25.
L.
Yan
,
J.
Wang
,
Q.
Ren
,
L.
Fan
,
B.
Liu
,
L.
Zhang
,
L.
He
,
X.
Mei
, and
Z.
Shi
, Chem. Eng. J.
432
, 133257
(2022
).26.
G. D.
Park
,
J. S.
Cho
, and
Y. C.
Kang
, Nanoscale
7
(40
), 16781
(2015
).27.
M.
Kang
,
H.
Zhao
,
J.
Ye
,
W.
Song
,
H.
Shen
,
J.
Mi
, and
Z.
Li
, J. Mater. Chem. A.
7
(13
), 7565
(2019
).28.
X.
Liu
,
D.
Chao
,
D.
Su
,
S.
Liu
,
L.
Chen
,
C.
Chi
,
J.
Lin
,
Z. X.
Shen
,
J.
Zhao
,
L.
Mai
, and
Y.
Li
, Nano Energy
37
, 108
(2017
).29.
B.
Zhu
,
X.
Liu
,
N.
Li
,
C.
Yang
,
T.
Ji
,
K.
Yan
,
H.
Chi
,
X.
Zhang
,
F.
Sun
,
D.
Sun
,
C.
Chi
,
X.
Wang
,
Y.
Wang
,
L.
Chen
, and
L.
Yao
, Surf. Coat. Technol.
360
, 232
(2019
).30.
X.
Zhang
,
X.
Dong
,
X.
Qiu
,
Y.
Cao
,
C.
Wang
,
Y.
Wang
, and
Y.
Xia
, J. Power Sources
476
, 228550
(2020
).31.
M.
Zhong
,
J.
Yan
,
L.
Wang
,
Y.
Huang
,
L.
Li
,
S.
Gao
,
Y.
Tian
,
W.
Shen
,
J.
Zhang
, and
S.
Guo
, Sustainable Mater. Technol.
33
, e00476
(2022
).32.
B.
Xing
,
H.
Zeng
,
G.
Huang
,
C.
Zhang
,
R.
Yuan
,
Y.
Cao
,
Z.
Chen
, and
J.
Yu
, J. Alloys Compd.
779
, 202
(2019
).33.
A.
Mahmood
,
Z.
Yuan
,
X.
Sui
,
M. A.
Riaz
,
Z.
Yu
,
C.
Liu
,
J.
Chen
,
C.
Wang
,
S.
Zhao
,
N.
Mahmood
,
Z.
Pei
,
L.
Wei
, and
Y.
Chen
, Energy Storage Mater.
41
, 395
(2021
).34.
S.
Alvin
,
C.
Chandra
, and
J.
Kim
, Chem. Eng. J.
411
, 128490
(2021
).35.
Y.
Zhao
,
J.
Ye
,
P.
Zhang
,
Z.
Li
, and
H.
Zhao
, Appl. Surf. Sci.
602
, 154336
(2022
).36.
A. C.
Ferrari
and
D. M.
Basko
, Nat. Nanotechnol.
8
(4
), 235
(2013
).37.
X.-Q.
Cheng
,
H.-J.
Li
,
Z.-X.
Zhao
,
Y.-Z.
Wang
, and
X.-M.
Wang
, New Carbon Mater.
36
(1
), 93
(2021
).38.
Z.
Zhao
,
H.
Li
,
Z.
Yang
,
S.
Hao
,
X.
Wang
, and
Y.
Wu
, J. Alloys Compd.
817
, 152751
(2020
).39.
J.
Zhang
,
C.
Li
,
Z.
Peng
,
Y.
Liu
,
J.
Zhang
,
Z.
Liu
, and
D.
Li
, Sci. Rep.
7
(1
), 4886
(2017
).40.
W.
Shao
,
F.
Hu
,
T.
Zhang
,
S.
Liu
,
C.
Song
,
N.
Li
,
Z.
Weng
,
J.
Wang
, and
X.
Jian
, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.
9
(29
), 9727
(2021
).41.
M.
Ou
,
S.
Sun
,
Y.
Liu
,
Y.
Xu
,
C.
Chen
,
P.
Hu
,
C.
Fang
,
Q.
Li
, and
J.
Han
, RSC Adv.
11
(36
), 22297
(2021
).42.
R.
Dan
,
W.
Chen
,
Z.
Xiao
,
P.
Li
,
M.
Liu
,
Z.
Chen
, and
F.
Yu
, Energy Fuels
34
(3
), 3923
(2020
).43.
Y.
Luo
,
L.
Wang
,
D.
Kim
,
Q.
Li
,
Y.
Kang
,
Y.
Liu
,
J.
Yu
,
H.
Wang
, and
H.
Lee
, Energy Storage Mater.
39
, 70
(2021
).44.
J. H.
Choe
,
N. R.
Kim
,
M. E.
Lee
,
H. J.
Yoon
,
M. Y.
Song
,
H. J.
Jin
, and
Y. S.
Yun
, ChemElectroChem.
4
(3
), 716
(2017
).45.
Y.
Wen
,
K.
He
,
Y.
Zhu
,
F.
Han
,
Y.
Xu
,
I.
Matsuda
,
Y.
Ishii
,
J.
Cumings
, and
C.
Wang
, Nat. Commun.
5
, 4033
(2014
).46.
Y.-X.
Wang
,
S.-L.
Chou
,
H.-K.
Liu
, and
S.-X.
Dou
, Carbon
57
, 202
(2013
).47.
Z.
Wang
,
H.
Yang
,
Y.
Liu
,
Y.
Bai
,
G.
Chen
,
Y.
Li
,
X.
Wang
,
H.
Xu
,
C.
Wu
, and
J.
Lu
, Small
16
(51
), e2003268
(2020
).48.
X.-F.
Luo
,
W.-H.
Chiang
,
C.-Y.
Su
,
T.-Y.
Wu
,
S. B.
Majumder
, and
J.-K.
Chang
, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.
7
(19
), 16682
(2019
).49.
G.
Zheng
,
Q.
Lin
,
J.
Ma
,
J.
Zhang
,
Y. B.
He
,
X.
Tang
,
F.
Kang
,
W.
Lv
, and
Q. H.
Yang
, InfoMat
3
(12
), 1445
(2021
).50.
K.
Song
,
J.
Liu
,
H.
Dai
,
Y.
Zhao
,
S.
Sun
,
J.
Zhang
,
C.
Qin
,
P.
Yan
,
F.
Guo
,
C.
Wang
,
Y.
Cao
,
S.
Li
, and
W.
Chen
, Chem
7
(10
), 2684
(2021
).51.
M.
Zhang
,
X.
Liu
,
J.
Gu
,
H.
Wang
,
H.
Liu
, and
Z.
Shen
, Chin. Chem. Lett.
34
(12
), 108471
(2023
).© 2023 Author(s). Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.
2023
Author(s)
You do not currently have access to this content.
