Semiconductor quantum dots are useful for controlling and observing quantum states and can also be used as sensors for reading out quantum bits and exploring local electronic states in nanostructures. However, challenges remain for the sensor applications, such as the trade-off between sensitivity and dynamic range and the issue of instability due to external disturbances. In this study, we demonstrate proportional-integral-differential feedback control of the radio-frequency reflectometry in GaN nanodevices using a field-programmable gate array. This technique can maintain the operating point of the charge sensor with high sensitivity. The system also realizes a wide dynamic range and high sensor sensitivity through the monitoring of the feedback signal. This method has potential applications in exploring dynamics and instability of electronic and quantum states in nanostructures.
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20 November 2023
Research Article|
November 20 2023
Wide dynamic range charge sensor operation by high-speed feedback control of radio-frequency reflectometry
Yoshihiro Fujiwara
;
Yoshihiro Fujiwara
(Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – review & editing)
1
Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University
, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
2
Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University
, 6-6 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
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Motoya Shinozaki
;
Motoya Shinozaki
(Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft)
3
WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University
, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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Kazuma Matsumura
;
Kazuma Matsumura
(Methodology, Resources, Software, Writing – review & editing)
1
Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University
, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
2
Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University
, 6-6 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
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Kosuke Noro
;
Kosuke Noro
(Methodology, Software, Writing – review & editing)
1
Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University
, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
2
Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University
, 6-6 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
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Riku Tataka;
Riku Tataka
(Methodology, Software, Writing – review & editing)
1
Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University
, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
2
Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University
, 6-6 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
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Shoichi Sato;
Shoichi Sato
(Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing)
1
Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University
, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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Takeshi Kumasaka;
Takeshi Kumasaka
(Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing)
1
Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University
, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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Tomohiro Otsuka
Tomohiro Otsuka
a)
(Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing)
1
Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University
, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
2
Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University
, 6-6 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
3
WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University
, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
4
Center for Science and Innovation in Spintronics, Tohoku University
, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
5
Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN
, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: [email protected]
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a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: [email protected]
Appl. Phys. Lett. 123, 213502 (2023)
Article history
Received:
July 11 2023
Accepted:
November 01 2023
Citation
Yoshihiro Fujiwara, Motoya Shinozaki, Kazuma Matsumura, Kosuke Noro, Riku Tataka, Shoichi Sato, Takeshi Kumasaka, Tomohiro Otsuka; Wide dynamic range charge sensor operation by high-speed feedback control of radio-frequency reflectometry. Appl. Phys. Lett. 20 November 2023; 123 (21): 213502. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0167212
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