Second-order correlation [g2(τ)] measurement has been utilized to characterize a nanolaser with high spontaneous emission coupling factor. Pulse excitation with low repetition rate is usually preferred for nanolasers due to its heat accumulation or photobleaching induced problem; however, introducing pulse-to-pulse timing jitter issue hinders the g2(τ) measurement from functioning. Here, a jitter-calibrated method is proposed by adding an extra reference time channel so that the g2(τ) can be calculated accurately. To verify the validity of this calibration method, the lasing threshold of a CdSe nanowire excited by a pulsed laser with a repetition rate of 1 kHz is studied. The descent of g2(0) to 1 coincides with the kink in light-in vs light-out curve, which confirms the effectiveness of this method.

1.
A.
Roslawska
,
C. C.
Leon
,
A.
Grewal
,
P.
Merino
,
K.
Kuhnke
, and
K.
Kern
, “
Atomic-scale dynamics probed by photon correlations
,”
ACS Nano
14
,
6366
6375
(
2020
).
2.
B.
Lounis
and
M.
Orrit
, “
Single-photon sources
,”
Rep. Prog. Phys.
68
,
1129
1179
(
2005
).
3.
R. H.
Brown
and
R. Q.
Twiss
, “
Correlation between photons in two coherent beams of light
,”
Nature
177
,
27
29
(
1956
).
4.
R. J.
Glauber
, “
Photon correlations
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
10
,
84
86
(
1963
).
5.
Y. S.
Choi
,
M. T.
Rakher
,
K.
Hennessy
,
S.
Strauf
,
A.
Badolato
,
P. M.
Petroff
,
D.
Bouwmeester
, and
E. L.
Hu
, “
Evolution of the onset of coherence in a family of photonic crystal nanolasers
,”
Appl. Phys. Lett.
91
,
031108
(
2007
).
6.
S. M.
Ulrich
,
C.
Gies
,
S.
Ates
,
J.
Wiersig
,
S.
Reitzenstein
,
C.
Hofmann
,
A.
Löffler
,
A.
Forchel
,
F.
Jahnke
, and
P.
Michler
, “
Photon statistics of semiconductor microcavity lasers
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
98
,
043906
(
2007
).
7.
R.
Hostein
,
R.
Braive
,
L. L.
Gratiet
,
A.
Talneau
,
G.
Beaudoin
,
I.
Robert-Philip
,
I.
Sagnes
, and
A.
Beveratos
, “
Demonstration of coherent emission from high-β photonic crystal nanolasers at room temperature
,”
Opt. Lett.
35
,
1154
1156
(
2010
).
8.
Y. J.
Lu
,
C. Y.
Wang
,
J.
Kim
,
H. Y.
Chen
,
M. Y.
Lu
,
Y. C.
Chen
,
W. H.
Chang
,
L. J.
Chen
,
M. I.
Stockman
,
C. K.
Shih
, and
S.
Gwo
, “
All-color plasmonic nanolasers with ultralow thresholds: Autotuning mechanism for single-mode lasing
,”
Nano Lett.
14
,
4381
4388
(
2014
).
9.
W. E.
Hayenga
,
H.
Garcia-Gracia
,
H.
Hodaei
,
C.
Reimer
,
R.
Morandotti
,
P.
LiKamWa
, and
M.
Khajavikhan
, “
Second-order coherence properties of metallic nanolasers
,”
Optica
3
,
1187
1193
(
2016
).
10.
S. H.
Pan
,
Q.
Gu
,
A.
El Amili
,
F.
Vallini
, and
Y.
Fainman
, “
Dynamic hysteresis in a coherent high-β nanolaser
,”
Optica
3
,
1260
1265
(
2016
).
11.
B.
Mayer
,
L.
Janker
,
B.
Loitsch
,
J.
Treu
,
T.
Kostenbader
,
S.
Lichtmannecker
,
T.
Reichert
,
S.
Morkötter
,
M.
Kaniber
,
G.
Abstreiter
,
C.
Gies
,
G.
Koblmüller
, and
J. J.
Finley
, “
Monolithically integrated high-β nanowire lasers on silicon
,”
Nano Lett.
16
,
152
156
(
2016
).
12.
S. T.
Jagsch
,
N. V.
Triviño
,
F.
Lohof
,
G.
Callsen
,
S.
Kalinowski
,
I. M.
Rousseau
,
R.
Barzel
,
J. F.
Carlin
,
F.
Jahnke
,
R.
Butté
,
C.
Gies
,
A.
Hoffmann
,
N.
Grandjean
, and
S.
Reitzenstein
, “
A quantum optical study of thresholdless lasing features in high-β nitride nanobeam cavities
,”
Nat. Commun.
9
,
564
(
2018
).
13.
F.
Lohof
,
R.
Barzel
,
P.
Gartner
, and
C.
Gies
, “
Delayed transition to coherent emission in nanolasers with extended gain media
,”
Phys. Rev. Appl.
10
,
054055
(
2018
).
14.
Y. J.
Lu
,
J.
Kim
,
H. Y.
Chen
,
C.
Wu
,
N.
Dabidian
,
C. E.
Sanders
,
C. Y.
Wang
,
M. Y.
Lu
,
B. H.
Li
,
X.
Qiu
,
W. H.
Chang
,
L. J.
Chen
,
G.
Shvets
,
C. K.
Shih
, and
S.
Gwo
, “
Plasmonic nanolaser using epitaxially grown silver film
,”
Science
337
,
450
453
(
2012
).
15.
S. H.
Pan
,
S. S.
Deka
,
A.
El Amili
,
Q.
Gu
, and
Y.
Fainman
, “
Nanolasers: Second-order intensity correlation, direct modulation and electromagnetic isolation in array architectures
,”
Prog. Quant. Electron.
59
,
1
18
(
2018
).
16.
C. Z.
Ning
, “
What is laser threshold?
,”
IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.
19
,
1503604
(
2013
).
17.
W. W.
Chow
,
F.
Jahnke
, and
C.
Gies
, “
Emission properties of nanolasers during the transition to lasing
,”
Light: Sci. Appl.
3
,
e201
(
2014
).
18.
A. A.
Vyshnevyy
and
D. Y.
Fedyanin
, “
Lasing threshold of thresholdless and non-thresholdless metal-semiconductor nanolasers
,”
Opt. Express
26
,
33473
33483
(
2018
).
19.
L.
Reeves
,
Y.
Wang
, and
T. F.
Krauss
, “
2D material microcavity light emitters: To lase or not to lase?
,”
Adv. Opt. Mater.
6
,
1800272
(
2018
).
20.
N.
Zhou
,
Y. X.
Yang
,
X.
Guo
,
J.
Gong
,
Z. X.
Shi
,
Z. Y.
Yang
,
H.
Wu
,
Y. X.
Gao
,
N.
Yao
,
W.
Fang
,
P.
Wang
, and
L. M.
Tong
, “
Strong mode coupling-enabled hybrid photon-plasmon nanolaser with a microfiber-coupled nanorod
,”
Sci. Adv.
8
,
eabn2026
(
2022
).
21.
S.
Lévȇque-Fort
,
D. N.
Papadopoulos
,
S.
Forget
,
F.
Balembois
, and
P.
Georges
, “
Fluorescence lifetime imaging with a low-repetition-rate passively mode-locked diode-pumped Nd:YVO4 oscillator
,”
Opt. Lett.
30
,
168
170
(
2005
).
22.
P. G.
Antal
and
R.
Szipöcs
, “
Tunable, low-repetition-rate, cost-efficient femtosecond Ti: Sapphire laser for nonlinear microscopy
,”
Appl. Phys. B
107
,
17
22
(
2012
).
23.
J.
Gong
,
P. Z.
Xu
,
Y. X.
Gao
,
H.
Wu
,
X.
Guo
,
S. S.
Wang
, and
L. M.
Tong
, “
Proposed liquid-cooled nanowire lasers
,”
Opt. Express
26
,
4665
4673
(
2018
).
24.
P. Z.
Xu
,
J.
Gong
,
X.
Guo
,
C. G.
Xin
,
H.
Wu
,
P.
Qing
,
X.
Lin
,
W.
Fang
,
D. W.
Di
, and
L. M.
Tong
, “
Fast lasing wavelength tuning in single nanowires
,”
Adv. Opt. Mater.
7
,
1900797
(
2019
).
25.
D. F.
Li
,
B.
Du
,
X. D.
Chen
,
G. C.
Guo
, and
F. W.
Sun
, “
Low power charge state depletion nanoscopy of the defect in diamonds with a pulsed laser excitation
,”
Opt. Lett.
45
,
730
733
(
2020
).
26.
S. L.
Li
,
M. H.
Yuan
,
W. J.
Zhuang
,
X.
Zhao
,
S. L.
Tie
,
J.
Xiang
, and
S.
Lan
, “
Optically-controlled quantum size effect in a hybrid nanocavity composed of a perovskite nanoparticle and a thin gold film
,”
Laser Photonics Rev.
15
,
2000480
(
2021
).
27.
A.
Lebreton
,
I.
Abram
,
R.
Braive
,
N.
Belabas
,
I.
Sagnes
,
F.
Marsili
,
V. B.
Verma
,
S. W.
Nam
,
T.
Gerrits
,
I.
Robert-Philip
,
M. J.
Stevens
, and
A.
Beveratos
, “
Pulse-to-pulse jitter measurement by photon correlation in high-β lasers
,”
Appl. Phys. Lett.
106
,
031108
(
2015
).
28.
W.
Becker
,
Advanced Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting Techniques
(
Springer
,
2005
).
29.
A. L.
Pan
,
R. B.
Liu
,
Q. L.
Zhang
,
Q.
Wan
,
P. B.
He
,
M.
Zacharias
, and
B. S.
Zou
, “
Fabrication and red-color lasing of individual highly uniform single-crystal CdSe nanobelts
,”
J. Phys. Chem. C
111
,
14253
14256
(
2007
).
30.
E.
Jakeman
and
E. R.
Pike
, “
The intensity-fluctuation distribution of Gaussian light
,”
J. Phys. A
1
,
128
138
(
1968
).
You do not currently have access to this content.