We demonstrate experimentally that nanoscale control of plasmonic field enhancement becomes available by changing the polarization state of light. This is revealed by photoelectron emission from plasmonic nanorods illuminated with linearly and circularly polarized femtosecond laser pulses. Simulations show that the tunability of the field enhancement originates from the mode-mixing property of circularly polarized illumination, meaning simultaneous excitation of multiple plasmon modes of the nanostructures. Performing trajectory calculations of the photoemitted electrons, we prove that the kinetic energy scaling law remains the same irrespective to the polarization state.
References
1.
J. N.
Anker
, W. P.
Hall
, O.
Lyandres
, N. C.
Shah
, J.
Zhao
, and R. P.
Van Duyne
, “Biosensing with plasmonic nanosensors
,” Nat. Mater.
7
, 442
(2008
).2.
J.
Vogelsang
, J.
Robin
, B. J.
Nagy
, P.
Dombi
, D.
Rosenkranz
, M.
Schiek
, P.
Groß
, and C.
Lienau
, “Ultrafast electron emission from a sharp metal nanotaper driven by adiabatic nanofocusing of surface plasmons
,” Nano Lett.
15
, 4685
(2015
).3.
P.
Dombi
, Z.
Pápa
, J.
Vogelsang
, S. V.
Yalunin
, M.
Sivis
, G.
Herink
, S.
Schäfer
, P.
Groß
, C.
Ropers
, and C.
Lienau
, “Strong-field nano-optics
,” Rev. Mod. Phys.
92
, 025003
(2020
).4.
D. M.
Koller
, A.
Hohenau
, H.
Ditlbacher
, N.
Galler
, F.
Reil
, F. R.
Aussenegg
, A.
Leitner
, E. J. W.
List
, and J. R.
Krenn
, “Organic plasmon-emitting diode
,” Nat. Photonics
2
, 684
(2008
).5.
S.
Mazzucco
, N.
Geuquet
, J.
Ye
, O.
Stephan
, W.
Van Roy
, P.
Van Dorpe
, L.
Henrard
, and M.
Kociak
, “Ultralocal modification of surface plasmons properties in silver nanocubes
,” Nano Lett.
12
, 1288
(2012
).6.
O.
Nicoletti
, F.
de la Pena
, R. K.
Leary
, D. J.
Holland
, C.
Ducati
, and P. A.
Midgley
, “Three-dimensional imaging of localized surface plasmon resonances of metal nanoparticles
,” Nature
502
(7469
), 80
–84
(2013
).7.
E.
Marsell
, R.
Svärd
, M.
Miranda
, C.
Guo
, A.
Harth
, E.
Lorek
, J.
Mauritsson
, C. L.
Arnold
, H.
Xu
, A.
L'Huillier
, A.
Mikkelsen
, and A.
Losquin
, “Direct subwavelength imaging and control of near-field localization in individual silver nanocubes
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
107
, 201111
(2015
).8.
M.
Aeschlimann
, M.
Bauer
, D.
Bayer
, T.
Brixner
, F. J.
Garcia de Abajo
, W.
Pfeiffer
, M.
Rohmer
, C.
Spindler
, and F.
Steeb
, “Adaptive subwavelength control of nano-optical fields
,” Nature
446
, 301
(2007
).9.
F. P.
Schmidt
, H.
Ditlbacher
, F.
Hofer
, J. R.
Krenn
, and U.
Hohenester
, “Morphing a plasmonic nanodisk into a nanotriangle
,” Nano Lett.
14
(8
), 4810
(2014
).10.
C.
Awada
, T.
Popescu
, L.
Douillard
, F.
Charra
, A.
Perron
, H.
Yockell-Lelièvre
, A.-L.
Baudrion
, P.-M.
Adam
, and R.
Bachelot
, “Selective excitation of plasmon resonances of single Au triangles by polarization-dependent light excitation
,” J. Phys. Chem. C
116
, 14591
(2012
).11.
M.
Cinchetti
, A.
Gloskovskii
, S. A.
Nepjiko
, G.
Schonhense
, H.
Rochholz
, and M.
Kreiter
, “Photoemission electron microscopy as a tool for the investigation of optical near fields
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
95
, 047601
(2005
).12.
C.
Hrelescu
, T. K.
Sau
, A. L.
Rogach
, F.
Jackel
, G.
Laurent
, L.
Douillard
, and F.
Charra
, “Selective excitation of individual plasmonic hotspots at the tips of single gold nanostars
,” Nano Lett.
11
, 402
(2011
).13.
J.
Lin
, J. P.
Balthasar Mueller
, Q.
Wang
, G.
Yuan
, N.
Antoniou
, X.-C.
Yuan
, and F.
Capasso
, “Polarization-controlled tunable directional coupling of surface plasmon polaritons
,” Science
340
, 331
(2013
).14.
J.
Li
, P.
Tang
, W.
Liu
, T.
Huang
, J.
Wang
, Y.
Wang
, F.
Lin
, Z.
Fang
, and X.
Zhu
, “Plasmonic circular polarization analyzer formed by unidirectionally controlling surface plasmon propagation
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
106
, 161106
(2015
).15.
H.
Yanagisawa
, T.
Greber
, C.
Hafner
, and J.
Osterwalder
, “Laser-induced field emission from a tungsten nanotip by circularly polarized femtosecond laser pulses
,” Phys. Rev. B
101
, 045406
(2020
).16.
P.
Dombi
, A.
Hörl
, P.
Rácz
, I.
Márton
, A.
Trügler
, J. R.
Krenn
, and U.
Hohenester
, “Ultrafast strong-field photoemission from plasmonic nanoparticles
,” Nano Lett.
13
, 674
(2013
).17.
P.
Rácz
, Z.
Pápa
, I.
Márton
, J.
Budai
, P.
Wróbel
, T.
Stefaniuk
, C.
Prietl
, J. R.
Krenn
, and P.
Dombi
, “Measurement of nanoplasmonic field enhancement with ultrafast photoemission
,” Nano Lett.
17
(2
), 1181
(2017
).18.
J.
Budai
, Z.
Pápa
, I.
Márton
, P.
Wróbel
, T.
Stefaniuk
, Z.
Márton
, P.
Rácz
, and P.
Dombi
, “Plasmon-plasmon coupling probed by ultrafast, strong-field photoemission
,” Nanoscale
10
, 16261
(2018
).19.
P.
Dombi
, S. E.
Irvine
, P.
Rácz
, M.
Lenner
, N.
Kroó
, G.
Farkas
, A.
Mitrofanov
, A.
Baltuška
, T.
Fuji
, F.
Krausz
, and A. Y.
Elezzabi
, “Observation of few-cycle, strong-field phenomena in surface plasmon fields
,” Opt. Express
18
(23
), 24206
(2010
).20.
P.
Rácz
, S. E.
Irvine
, M.
Lenner
, A.
Mitrofanov
, A.
Baltuška
, A. Y.
Elezzabi
, and P.
Dombi
, “Strong-field plasmonic electron acceleration with few-cycle, phase-stabilized laser pulses
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
98
, 111116
(2011
).21.
M.
Busuladzic
, A.
Gazibegovic-Busuladzic
, and D. B.
Milosevic
, “High-order above-threshold ionization in a laser field: Influence of the ionization potential on the high-energy cutoff
,” Laser Phys.
16
, 289
(2006
).22.
S.
Thomas
, M.
Krüger
, M.
Förster
, M.
Schenk
, and P.
Hommelhoff
, “Probing of optical near-fields by electron rescattering on the 1 nm scale
,” Nano Lett.
13
, 4790
(2013
).23.
S.
Hädrich
, M.
Kienel
, M.
Müller
, A.
Klenke
, J.
Rothhardt
, R.
Klas
, T.
Gottschall
, T.
Eidam
, A.
Drozdy
, P.
Jójárt
et al., “Energetic sub-2-cycle laser with 216 W average power
,” Opt. Lett.
41
, 4332
(2016
).24.
A. N.
Pfeiffer
, C.
Cirelli
, M.
Smolarski
, D.
Dimitrovski
, M.
Abu-samha
, L. B.
Madsen
, and U.
Keller
, “Attoclock reveals natural coordinates of the laser-induced tunnelling current flow in atoms
,” Nat. Phys.
8
, 76
(2012
).25.
B.
Bódi
, M.
Aladi
, P.
Rácz
, I. B.
Földes
, and P.
Dombi
, “High harmonic generation on noble gas clusters
,” Opt. Express
27
, 26721
(2019
).26.
P. B.
Corkum
, “Plasma perspective on strong field multiphoton ionization
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
71
(13
), 1994
(1993
).27.
S. V.
Yalunin
, G.
Herink
, D. R.
Solli
, M.
Krüger
, P.
Hommelhoff
, M.
Diehn
, A.
Munk
, and C.
Ropers
, “Field localization and rescattering in tip-enhanced photoemission
,” Ann. Phys.
525
, 12
(2012
).28.
G.
Herink
, D. R.
Solli
, M.
Gulde
, and C.
Ropers
, “Field-driven photoemission from nanostructures quenches the quiver motion
,” Nature
483
, 190
(2012
).29.
G.
Laurent
, N.
Félidj
, J.
Aubard
, G.
Lévi
, J. R.
Krenn
, A.
Hohenau
, G.
Schider
, A.
Leitner
, and F. R.
Aussenegg
, “Surface enhanced Raman scattering arising from multipolar plasmon excitation
,” J. Chem. Phys.
122
, 011102
(2005
).30.
L. S.
Slaughter
, W.-S.
Chang
, P.
Swanglap
, A.
Tcherniak
, B. P.
Khanal
, E. R.
Zubarev
, and S.
Link
, “Single-particle spectroscopy of gold nanorods beyond the quasi-static limit: Varying the width at constant aspect ratio
,” J. Phys. Chem. C
114
, 4934
(2010
).31.
J.
Li
, H.
Guo
, and Z.-Y.
Li
, “Microscopic and macroscopic manipulation of gold nanorod and its hybrid nanostructures
,” Photonics Res.
1
, 28
(2013
).32.
J.
Cao
, T.
Sun
, and K. T. V.
Grattan
, “Gold nanorod-based localized surface plasmon resonance biosensors: A review
,” Sens. Actuators, B
195
, 332
(2014
).33.
M.
Zhang
, C.
Li
, C.
Wang
, C.
Zhang
, Z.
Wang
, Q.
Han
, and H.
Zeng
, “Polarization dependence of plasmon enhanced fluorescence on Au nanorod array
,” Appl. Opt.
56
, 375
(2017
).34.
Z.
Pápa
, J.
Kasza
, J.
Budai
, Z.
Márton
, G.
Molnár
, and P.
Dombi
, “Tuning plasmonic field enhancement and transients by far-field coupling between nanostructures
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
117
, 081105
(2020
).35.
E.
Ogut
and K.
Sendur
, “Circularly and elliptically polarized near-field radiation from nanoscale subwavelength apertures
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
96
, 141104
(2010
).36.
Y.
Zhao
and A.
Alu
, “Tailoring the dispersion of plasmonic nanorods to realize broadband optical meta-waveplates
,” Nano Lett.
13
, 1086
(2013
).37.
W.-Y.
Chen
, C.-H.
Lin
, and W.-T.
Chen
, “Plasmonic phase transition and phase retardation: Essential optical characteristics of localized surface plasmon resonance
,” Nanoscale
5
, 9950
(2013
).© 2022 Author(s). Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.
2022
Author(s)
You do not currently have access to this content.
