Dual-configuration in-memory computing bitcells using SiO_x RRAM for binary neural networks

Conventional DNN (deep neural network) implementations rely on networks with sizes in the order of MBs (megabytes) and computation complexity of the order of Tera FLOPs (floating point operations per second). However, implementing such networks in the context of edge-AI (artificial intelligence) poses limitations due to the requirement of high precision computation blocks, large memory requirement, and memory wall. To address this, low-precision DNN implementations based on IMC (in-memory computing) approaches utilizing NVM (non-volatile memory) devices have been explored recently. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate a dual-configuration XNOR (exclusive NOR) IMC bitcell. The bitcell is realized using fabricated 1T-1R SiO_x RRAM (resistive random access memory) arrays. We have analyzed the trade-off in terms of circuit-overhead, energy, and latency for both IMC bitcell configurations. Furthermore, we demonstrate the functionality of the proposed IMC bitcells with mobilenet architecture based BNNs (binarized neural networks). The network is trained on VWW (visual wake words) and CIFAR-10 datasets, leading to an inference accuracy of $≈$80.3% and $≈$84.9%, respectively. Additionally, the impact of simulated BER (bit error rate) on the BNN accuracy is also analyzed.