Refractory metal superalloys have the potential to facilitate a significant increase in gas turbine operating temperatures that would enhance efficiency and reduce emissions. However, fulfilling this potential requires a much more detailed understanding of the underlying metallurgy and how it is influenced by alloying additions. Here, the influence of systematically varying the Nb:Ta ratio in a series of Ti–Zr–Nb–Ta alloys has been studied and compared to thermodynamic predictions. The experimental results show that higher Nb:Ta ratios suppress phase separation but lower the inter-phase misfit. As such, optimizing these alloys for specific applications will require careful balancing of these effects.
References
1.
2.
J. H.
Perepezko
, Science
326
, 1068
(2009
).3.
D. B.
Miracle
, M. H.
Tsai
, O. N.
Senkov
, V.
Soni
, and R.
Banerjee
, Scr. Mater.
187
, 445
(2020
).4.
J. K.
Jensen
, B. A.
Welk
, R. E. A.
Williams
, J. M.
Sosa
, D. E.
Huber
, O. N.
Senkov
, G. B.
Viswanathan
, and H. L.
Fraser
, Scr. Mater.
121
, 1
(2016
).5.
V.
Soni
, O. N.
Senkov
, B.
Gwalani
, D. B.
Miracle
, and R.
Banerjee
, Sci. Rep.
8
, 8816
(2018
).6.
O. N.
Senkov
, D.
Isheim
, D. N.
Seidman
, and A. L.
Pilchak
, Entropy
18
, 102
(2016
).7.
V.
Soni
, B.
Gwalani
, T.
Alam
, S.
Dasari
, Y.
Zheng
, O. N.
Senkov
, D.
Miracle
, and R.
Banerjee
, Acta Mater.
185
, 89
(2020
).8.
T. E.
Whitfield
, E. J.
Pickering
, L. R.
Owen
, C. N.
Jones
, H. J.
Stone
, and N. G.
Jones
, Materialia
13
, 100858
(2020
).9.
E.
Rudy
, “Ternary phase equilibria in transition metal-boron-carbon-silicon systems. Part V. Compendium of phase diagram data
,” Report No. AFML-TR-65-2, Part V (1969
).10.
11.
12.
A. J.
Goodfellow
, E. I.
Galindo-Nava
, C.
Schwalbe
, and H. J.
Stone
, Mater. Des.
173
, 107760
(2019
).13.
J. X.
Zhang
, J. C.
Wang
, H.
Harada
, and Y.
Koizumi
, Acta Mater.
53
, 4623
(2005
).14.
H.
Mughrabi
, Acta Mater.
81
, 21
(2014
).15.
C. H.
Zenk
, S.
Neumeier
, H. J.
Stone
, and M.
Göken
, Intermetallics
55
, 28
(2014
).16.
C. M. F.
Rae
and R. C.
Reed
, Acta Mater.
49
, 4113
(2001
).17.
A.
Baldan
, J. Mater. Sci.
37
, 2379
(2002
).18.
B. A.
Pint
, J. R.
DiStefano
, and I. G.
Wright
, Mater. Sci. Eng. A
415
, 255
(2006
).19.
T. M.
Butler
and K. J.
Chaput
, J. Alloys Compd.
787
, 606
(2019
).20.
Y. K.
Cao
, Y.
Liu
, B.
Liu
, W. D.
Zhang
, J. W.
Wang
, and M.
Du
, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc.
29
, 1476
(2019
).21.
Z.
Cheng
, W.
Yang
, D.
Xu
, S.
Wu
, X.
Yao
, Y.
Lv
, and J.
Chen
, Mater. Lett.
262
, 127192
(2020
).22.
T. E.
Whitfield
, H. J.
Stone
, C. N.
Jones
, and N. G.
Jones
, Entropy
23
, 80
(2021
).23.
T. E.
Whitfield
, E. J.
Pickering
, L. R.
Owen
, O. N.
Senkov
, D. B.
Miracle
, H. J.
Stone
, and N. G.
Jones
, J. Alloys Compd.
857
, 157583
(2021
).24.
B.
Gorr
, F.
Müller
, M.
Azim
, H. J.
Christ
, T.
Müller
, H.
Chen
, A.
Kauffmann
, and M.
Heilmaier
, Oxid. Met.
88
, 339
(2017
).25.
B.
Gorr
, M.
Azim
, H. J.
Christ
, T.
Mueller
, D.
Schliephake
, and M.
Heilmaier
, J. Alloys Compd.
624
, 270
(2015
).26.
O. N.
Senkov
, C.
Woodward
, and D. B.
Miracle
, J. Mater.
66
, 2030
(2014
).27.
O. N.
Senkov
, J. K.
Jensen
, A. L.
Pilchak
, D. B.
Miracle
, and H. L.
Fraser
, Mater. Des.
139
, 498
(2018
).28.
T. E.
Whitfield
, E. J.
Pickering
, C. E.
Talbot
, C. N.
Jones
, H. J.
Stone
, and N. G.
Jones
, Scr. Mater.
180
, 71
(2020
).29.
T. E.
Whitfield
, E. J.
Pickering
, K. A.
Christofidou
, C. N.
Jones
, H. J.
Stone
, and N. G.
Jones
, J. Alloys Compd.
818
, 152935
(2020
).30.
V. T.
Nguyen
, M.
Qian
, Z.
Shi
, X. Q.
Tran
, D. M.
Fabijanic
, J.
Joseph
, D. D.
Qu
, S.
Matsumura
, C.
Zhang
, F.
Zhang
, and J.
Zou
, Mater. Sci. Eng. A
798
, 140169
(2020
).31.
Y.
Liu
, T.
Pan
, L.
Zhang
, D.
Yu
, and Y.
Ge
, J. Alloys Compd.
476
, 429
(2009
).32.
Y.
Liu
, L.
Zhang
, Y.
Du
, J.
Wang
, and D.
Liang
, Calphad
34
, 310
(2010
).33.
W.
Bai
, G.
Xu
, Z.
Yang
, L.
Liu
, L.
Zhang
, L.
Zeng
, and D.
Wu
, Calphad
65
, 299
(2019
).34.
I. L.
Mirkin
and D.
Kaneheev
, Met. Sci. Heat Treat.
9
, 10
(1967
).35.
G. N.
Maniar
and J.
Edwin Bridge
, Metall. Trans.
2
, 95
(1971
).36.
L.
Muller
, U.
Glatzel
, and M.
Feller-Kniepmeier
, Acta Metall. Mater.
40
, 1321
(1992
).37.
J. C.
Slater
, J. Chem. Phys.
41
, 3199
–3204
(1964
).38.
N. N.
Greenwood
and A.
Earnshaw
, Chemistry of the Elements
, 2nd ed. (Butterworth-Heinemann
, 1997
).© 2021 Author(s). Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.
2021
Author(s)
You do not currently have access to this content.