We present here a parametric resonance magnetometer scheme based on elliptically polarized pumping light and two radio frequency fields applied along the two optical pumping directions. At optimum ellipticity and radio frequency fields' amplitudes, the three components of the magnetic field are measured with an isotropic sensitivity. Compared to the usual alignment-based parametric resonance magnetometers, the sensitivity is degraded by a factor of 2 for two components of the magnetic field but improved by a factor of 9 for the third one. The open-loop bandwidth was measured to be greater than 1 kHz for the three axes. This magnetometer configuration could be particularly interesting for geophysics and biomedical imaging.
References
1.
J. C.
Allred
, R. N.
Lyman
, T. W.
Kornack
, and M. V.
Romalis
, “High-sensitivity atomic magnetometer unaffected by spin-exchange relaxation
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
89
, 130801
(2002
).2.
High Sensitivity Magnetometers
, edited by A.
Grosz
, M. J.
Haji-Sheikh
, and S. C.
Mukhopadhyay
(Springer Berlin Heidelberg
, New York, NY
, 2016
).3.
C.
Abel
, S.
Afach
, N. J.
Ayres
, C. A.
Baker
, G.
Ban
, G.
Bison
, K.
Bodek
, V.
Bondar
, M.
Burghoff
, E.
Chanel
, Z.
Chowdhuri
, P.-J.
Chiu
, B.
Clement
, C. B.
Crawford
, M.
Daum
, S.
Emmenegger
, L.
Ferraris-Bouchez
, M.
Fertl
, P.
Flaux
, B.
Franke
, A.
Fratangelo
, P.
Geltenbort
, K.
Green
, W. C.
Griffith
, M.
van der Grinten
, Z. D.
Grujić
, P. G.
Harris
, L.
Hayen
, W.
Heil
, R.
Henneck
, V.
Hélaine
, N.
Hild
, Z.
Hodge
, M.
Horras
, P.
Iaydjiev
, S. N.
Ivanov
, M.
Kasprzak
, Y.
Kermaidic
, K.
Kirch
, A.
Knecht
, P.
Knowles
, H.-C.
Koch
, P. A.
Koss
, S.
Komposch
, A.
Kozela
, A.
Kraft
, J.
Krempel
, M.
Kuźniak
, B.
Lauss
, T.
Lefort
, Y.
Lemière
, A.
Leredde
, P.
Mohanmurthy
, A.
Mtchedlishvili
, M.
Musgrave
, O.
Naviliat-Cuncic
, D.
Pais
, F. M.
Piegsa
, E.
Pierre
, G.
Pignol
, C.
Plonka-Spehr
, P. N.
Prashanth
, G.
Quéméner
, M.
Rawlik
, D.
Rebreyend
, I.
Rienäcker
, D.
Ries
, S.
Roccia
, G.
Rogel
, D.
Rozpedzik
, A.
Schnabel
, P.
Schmidt-Wellenburg
, N.
Severijns
, D.
Shiers
, R.
Tavakoli Dinani
, J. A.
Thorne
, R.
Virot
, J.
Voigt
, A.
Weis
, E.
Wursten
, G.
Wyszynski
, J.
Zejma
, J.
Zenner
, and G.
Zsigmond
, “Measurement of the permanent electric dipole moment of the neutron
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
124
, 081803
(2020
).4.
J.-M.
Léger
, T.
Jager
, F.
Bertrand
, G.
Hulot
, L.
Brocco
, P.
Vigneron
, X.
Lalanne
, A.
Chulliat
, and I.
Fratter
, “In-flight performance of the absolute scalar magnetometer vector mode on board the Swarm satellites
,” Earth, Planets Space
67
, 57
(2015
).5.
P.
Vigneron
, G.
Hulot
, N.
Olsen
, J.-M.
Léger
, T.
Jager
, L.
Brocco
, O.
Sirol
, P.
Coïsson
, X.
Lalanne
, A.
Chulliat
, F.
Bertrand
, A.
Boness
, and I.
Fratter
, “A 2015 International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) candidate model based on Swarm's experimental absolute magnetometer vector mode data
,” Earth, Planets Space
67
, 95
(2015
).6.
U. A.
Ahmad
, Y.
Kasahara
, S.
Matsuda
, M.
Ozaki
, and Y.
Goto
, “Automatic detection of lightning whistlers observed by the plasma wave experiment onboard the Arase satellite using the OpenCV library
,” Remote Sens.
11
, 1785
(2019
).7.
C. D.
Beggan
and M.
Musur
, “Observation of ionospheric Alfvén resonances at 1–30 Hz and their superposition with the Schumann resonances
,” J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys.
123
, 4202
, (2018
).8.
Y.
Yokoyama
, S.
Taguchi
, T.
Iyemori
, and K.
Hosokawa
, “The quasipersistent feature of highly structured field‐aligned currents in the duskside auroral oval: Conjugate observation via swarm satellites and a ground all‐sky imager
,” J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys.
125
, e2019JA027594
, (2020
).9.
A.
Weis
, G.
Bison
, N.
Castagna
, S.
Cook
, A.
Hofer
, M.
Kasprzak
, P.
Knowles
, and J.-L.
Schenker
, “Mapping the cardiomagnetic field with 19 room temperature second-order gradiometers
,” in 17th IFMBE Proceedings
(Springer
, 2010
), Vol. 28
, p. 58
.10.
S.
Morales
, M. C.
Corsi
, W.
Fourcault
, F.
Bertrand
, G.
Cauffet
, C.
Gobbo
, F.
Alcouffe
, F.
Lenouvel
, M. L.
Prado
, F.
Berger
, G.
Vanzetto
, and E.
Labyt
, “Magnetocardiography measurements with 4He vector optically pumped magnetometers at room temperature
,” Phys. Med. Biol.
62
, 7267
(2017
).11.
H.
Xia
, A.
Ben-Amar Baranga
, D.
Hoffman
, and M. V.
Romalis
, “Magnetoencephalography with an atomic magnetometer
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
89
, 211104
(2006
).12.
E.
Labyt
, M. C.
Corsi
, W.
Fourcault
, A.
Palacios-Laloy
, F.
Bertrand
, F.
Lenouvel
, G.
Cauffet
, M. L.
Prado
, F.
Berger
, and S.
Morales
, “Magnetoencephalography with optically pumped 4He magnetometers at ambient temperature
,” IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging
38
, 90
(2019
).13.
M.
Petrenko
, S.
Dmitriev
, A.
Pazgalev
, A.
Ossadtchi
, and A.
Vershovskii
, “Towards the non-zero field cesium magnetic sensor array for magnetoencephalography
,” TechRxiv. preprint: 10.36227/techrxiv.14356262.v1.14.
J.
Haueisen
, K.
Fleissig
, D.
Strohmeier
, T.
Elsarnagawy
, R.
Huonker
, M.
Liehr
, and O. W.
Witte
, “Reconstruction of quasi-radial dipolar activity using three-component magnetic field measurements
,” Clin. Neurophysiol.
123
, 1581
(2012
).15.
J.
Iivanainen
, M.
Stenroos
, and L.
Parkkonen
, “Measuring MEG closer to the brain: Performance of on-scalp sensor arrays
,” NeuroImage
147
, 542
(2017
).16.
J.
Nurminen
, S.
Taulu
, J.
Nenonen
, L.
Helle
, J.
Simola
, and A.
Ahonen
, “Improving MEG performance with additional tangential sensors
,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.
60
, 2559
(2013
).17.
G.
Le Gal
, G.
Lieb
, F.
Beato
, T.
Jager
, H.
Gilles
, and A.
Palacios-Laloy
, “Dual-axis Hanle magnetometer based on atomic alignment with a single optical access
,” Phys. Rev. Appl.
12
, 064010
(2019
).18.
C.
Cohen-Tannoudji
, J.
Dupont-Roc
, S.
Haroche
, and F.
Laloë
, “Diverses résonances de croisement de niveaux sur des atomes pompés optiquement en champ nul. I. Théorie
,” Rev. Phys. Appl.
5
, 95
(1970
).19.
V.
Shah
, J.
Osborne
, J.
Orton
, and O.
Alem
, “Fully integrated, standalone zero field optically pumped magnetometer for biomagnetism
,” in Steep Dispersion Engineering and Opto-Atomic Precision Metrology XI
, edited by S. M.
Shahriar
and J.
Scheuer
(SPIE
, San Francisco
, 2018
), p. 51
.20.
C.
Cohen-Tannoudji
, J.
Dupont-Roc
, S.
Haroche
, and F.
Laloë
, “Diverses résonances de croisement de niveaux sur des atomes pompés optiquement en champ nul. II. Applications à la mesure de champs faibles
,” Rev. Phys. Appl.
5
, 102
(1970
).21.
D.
Sheng
, A. R.
Perry
, S. P.
Krzyzewski
, S.
Geller
, J.
Kitching
, and S.
Knappe
, “A microfabricated optically-pumped magnetic gradiometer
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
110
, 031106
(2017
).22.
J.
Dupont-Roc
, “Étude théorique de diverses résonances observables en champ nul sur des atomes ‘habillés’ par des photons de radiofréquence
,” J. Phys.
32
, 135
(1971
).23.
F.
Beato
, E.
Belorizky
, E.
Labyt
, M. L.
Prado
, and A.
Palacios-Laloy
, “Theory of a 4He parametric-resonance magnetometer based on atomic alignment
,” Phys. Rev. A
98
, 053431
(2018
).24.
R.
Slocum
and B.
Marton
, “Measurement of weak magnetic fields using zero-field parametric resonance in optically pumped He4
,” IEEE Trans. Magn.
9
, 221
(1973
).25.
Y.
Shi
and A.
Weis
, “Cesium alignment produced by pumping with unpolarized light
,” Eur. Phys. J. D
72
, 73
(2018
).26.
W.
Fourcault
, R.
Romain
, G.
Le Gal
, F.
Bertrand
, V.
Josselin
, M.
Le Prado
, E.
Labyt
, and A.
Palacios-Laloy
, “Helium-4 magnetometers for room-temperature biomedical imaging: Toward collective operation and photon-noise limited sensitivity
,” Opt. Express
29
, 14467
(2021
).27.
V.
Schultze
, B.
Schillig
, R.
IJsselsteijn
, T.
Scholtes
, S.
Woetzel
, and R.
Stolz
, “An optically pumped magnetometer working in the light-shift dispersed Mz mode
,” Sensors
17
, 561
(2017
).28.
C.
Cohen-Tannoudji
and J.
Dupont-Roc
, “Experimental study of Zeeman light shifts in weak magnetic fields
,” Phys. Rev. A
5
, 968
(1972
).29.
W.
Happer
and B. S.
Mathur
, “Effective operator formalism in optical pumping
,” Phys. Rev.
163
, 12
(1967
).30.
F.
Beato
and A.
Palacios-Laloy
, “Second-order effects in parametric-resonance magnetometers based on atomic alignment
,” EPJ Quantum Technol.
7
, 9
(2020
).31.
I. A.
Sulai
, Z. J.
DeLand
, M. D.
Bulatowicz
, C. P.
Wahl
, R. T.
Wakai
, and T. G.
Walker
, “Characterizing atomic magnetic gradiometers for fetal magnetocardiography
,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.
90
, 085003
(2019
).32.
R.
Wyllie
, M.
Kauer
, R. T.
Wakai
, and T. G.
Walker
, “Optical magnetometer array for fetal magnetocardiography
,” Opt. Lett.
37
, 2247
(2012
).© 2021 Author(s). Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.
2021
Author(s)
You do not currently have access to this content.