This Letter reports a wearable mechano-acoustic sensor for continuous cardiorespiratory monitoring. The sensing mechanism is based on reversible iodide/triiodide () electrochemical redox reaction on microfabricated platinum electrodes, enabling an ultra-high sensitivity on the detection of mechano-acoustic signals of the cardiorespiratory system. Ecoflex, a flexible silicone rubber, is adopted as the material of the sensor body due to its excellent stretchability, robustness, and skin-compatibility. The developed sensor exhibited a noise floor of 4.5 μg/z at 10 Hz. Detection of heart sounds, lung sounds, and respiration rates was demonstrated.
References
1.
Y.
Hu
, E. G.
Kim
, G.
Cao
, S.
Liu
, and Y.
Xu
, Ann. Biomed. Eng.
42
(11
), 2264
–2277
(2014
).2.
B.
Ziaeian
and G. C.
Fonarow
, Nat. Rev. Cardiol.
13
(6
), 368
–378
(2016
).3.
See https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html for “
CDC, Symptoms of Coronavirus
,” 2020
.4.
D. R.
Seshadri
, E. V.
Davies
, E. R.
Harlow
, J. J.
Hsu
, S. C.
Knighton
, T. A.
Walker
, J. E.
Voos
, and C. K.
Drummond
, Front. Digital Health
2
, 8
(2020
).5.
H.
Jeong
, J. A.
Rogers
, and S.
Xu
, Sci. Adv.
6
, eabd4794
(2020
).6.
K.
Lee
, X. Y.
Ni
, J. Y.
Lee
, H.
Arafa
, D. J.
Pe
, S.
Xu
, R.
Avila
, M.
Irie
, J. H.
Lee
, R. L.
Easterlin
, D. H.
Kim
, H. U.
Chung
, O. O.
Olabisi
, S.
Getaneh
, E.
Chung
, M.
Hill
, J.
Bell
, H.
Jang
, C.
Liu
, J. B.
Park
, J.
Kim
, S. B.
Kim
, S.
Mehta
, M.
Pharr
, A.
Tzavelis
, J. T.
Reeder
, I.
Huang
, Y. J.
Deng
, Z. Q.
Xie
, C. R.
Davies
, Y. G.
Huang
, and J. A.
Rogers
, Nat. Biomed. Eng.
4
(2
), 148
–158
(2020
).7.
P.
Gupta
, M. J.
Moghimi
, Y.
Jeong
, D.
Gupta
, O. T.
Inan
, and F.
Ayazi
, NPJ Digital Med.
3
(1
), 1
(2020
).8.
Y. H.
Liu
, J. J. S.
Norton
, R.
Qazi
, Z. N.
Zou
, K. R.
Ammann
, H.
Liu
, L. Q.
Yan
, P. L.
Tran
, K. I.
Jang
, J. W.
Lee
, D.
Zhang
, K. A.
Kilian
, S. H.
Jung
, T.
Bretl
, J. L.
Xiao
, M. J.
Slepian
, Y. G.
Huang
, J. W.
Jeong
, and J. A.
Rogers
, Sci. Adv.
2
(11
), e1601185
(2016
).9.
Y. T.
Hu
and Y.
Xu
, in 2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology
(2012
), pp. 694
–697
.10.
M. O. G.
Nayeem
, S.
Lee
, H.
Jin
, N.
Matsuhisa
, H.
Jinno
, A.
Miyamoto
, T.
Yokota
, and T.
Someya
, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
117
(13
), 7063
–7070
(2020
).11.
T.
Deng
, D. Y.
Chen
, J. B.
Wang
, J.
Chen
, and W. T.
He
, J. Microelectromech. Syst.
23
(1
), 92
–99
(2014
).12.
H.
Huang
, B.
Carande
, R.
Tang
, J.
Oiler
, D.
Zaitsev
, V.
Agafonov
, and H. Y.
Yu
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
102
(19
), 193512
(2013
).13.
V. A.
Agafonovz
and A. S.
Nesterov
, Russ. J. Electrochem.
41
(8
), 880
–884
(2005
).14.
A.
Bugaev
, A.
Antonov
, B.
Agafonov
, K.
Belotelov
, S.
Vergeles
, P.
Dudkin
, E.
Egorov
, I.
Egorov
, D.
Zhevnenko
, S. N.
Zhabin
, and D. L.
Zaitsev
, J. Commun. Technol. Electron.
63
(12
), 1339
–1351
(2018
).15.
J. D.
Newson
and A. C.
Riddiford
, J. Electrochem. Soc.
108
(7
), 699
–706
(1961
).16.
See https://www.smooth-on.com/product-line/ecoflex/ for “
Sooth-On
.”17.
X.
Fu
, C.
Liu
, Y.
Xu
, Y.
Hu
, X.
Luo
, X.
Wu
, and S.
Liu
, “A novel sound sensor and its package used in lung sound diagnosis
,” in 2014 IEEE 6th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC)
(IEEE
, 2014
).18.
H.
Mai
, R.
Mutlu
, C.
Tawk
, G.
Alici
, and V.
Sencadas
, Compos. Sci. Technol.
173
, 118
–124
(2019
).19.
F.
Arvin
, S.
Doraisamy
, and E. S.
Khorasani
, Biol. Proced. Online
13
(1
), 7
(2011
).20.
V.
Gross
, A.
Dittmar
, T.
Penzel
, F.
Schuttler
, and P.
Von Wichert
, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
162
(3
), 905
–909
(2000
).21.
M.
Gorlov
and L.
Kloo
, Dalton Trans.
2008
(20
), 2655
–2666
.© 2021 Author(s).
2021
Author(s)
You do not currently have access to this content.
