We report the spontaneous adsorption of ions on graphene at the interface with electrolytes through an investigation based on the electrolyte-gated field effect transistor configuration. It is found that the gate voltage at which the minimum conductivity occurs in these devices is highly sensitive to the type of ions and their concentrations in the electrolytes; yet the experimental results exhibit non-trivial deviations from the predictions based on the Gouy–Chapman–Stern (GCS) model, which only takes account of the electrostatic interactions among the charges in the system. By incorporating a Langmuir-type adsorption term into the GCS model, we achieve quantitative alignment with the experiments, thus demonstrating that these deviations originate from the spontaneous adsorption of ions onto graphene. Analysis of the transport characteristics in these devices indeed confirms the existence of the adsorbed ions.
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16 November 2020
Research Article|
November 19 2020
Spontaneous adsorption of ions on graphene at the electrolyte–graphene interface
Jianbo Sun
;
Jianbo Sun
1
Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University
, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
2
Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark
, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Luca Camilli
;
Luca Camilli
3
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Roma “Tor Vergata,”
00133 Roma, Italy
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José M. Caridad
;
José M. Caridad
2
Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark
, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Jaime E. Santos
;
Jaime E. Santos
4
Centro de Física, Universidade do Minho
, P-4710-057 Braga, Portugal
5
Instituto de Polímeros e Compósitos, Universidade do Minho
, P-4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
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Yuxin Liu
Yuxin Liu
a)
1
Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University
, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: [email protected]
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Jianbo Sun
1,2
Luca Camilli
3
José M. Caridad
2
Jaime E. Santos
4,5
Yuxin Liu
1,a)
1
Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University
, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
2
Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark
, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
3
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Roma “Tor Vergata,”
00133 Roma, Italy
4
Centro de Física, Universidade do Minho
, P-4710-057 Braga, Portugal
5
Instituto de Polímeros e Compósitos, Universidade do Minho
, P-4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: [email protected]
Appl. Phys. Lett. 117, 203102 (2020)
Article history
Received:
July 27 2020
Accepted:
November 08 2020
Citation
Jianbo Sun, Luca Camilli, José M. Caridad, Jaime E. Santos, Yuxin Liu; Spontaneous adsorption of ions on graphene at the electrolyte–graphene interface. Appl. Phys. Lett. 16 November 2020; 117 (20): 203102. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0023191
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