All-electrical generation and detection of pure spin currents are promising ways toward controlling the diffusive magnon transport in magnetically ordered insulators. We quantitatively compare two measurement schemes, which allow us to measure the magnon spin transport in a three-terminal device based on a yttrium iron garnet thin film. We demonstrate that the dc charge current method based on the current reversal technique and the ac charge current method utilizing first and second harmonic lock-in detection can both efficiently distinguish between electrically and thermally injected magnons. In addition, both measurement schemes allow us to investigate the modulation of magnon transport induced by an additional dc charge current applied to the center modulator strip. However, while at a low modulator charge current both schemes yield identical results, we find clear differences above a certain threshold current. This difference originates from nonlinear effects of the modulator current on the magnon conductance.
References
1.
J.
Ahopelto
, G.
Ardila
, L.
Baldi
, F.
Balestra
, D.
Belot
, G.
Fagas
, S. D.
Gendt
, D.
Demarchi
, M.
Fernandez-Bolaños
, D.
Holden
, A.
Ionescu
, G.
Meneghesso
, A.
Mocuta
, M.
Pfeffer
, R.
Popp
, E.
Sangiorgi
, and C. S.
Torres
, “NanoElectronics roadmap for europe: From nanodevices and innovative materials to system integration
,” Solid-State Electron.
155
, 7
–19
(2019
).2.
R.
Jansen
, “Silicon spintronics
,” Nat. Mater.
11
, 400
–408
(2012
).3.
A.
Hoffmann
, “Pure spin-currents
,” Phys. Status Solidi C
4
, 4236
–4241
(2007
).4.
M.
Coll
, J.
Fontcuberta
, M.
Althammer
, M.
Bibes
, H.
Boschker
, A.
Calleja
, G.
Cheng
, M.
Cuoco
, R.
Dittmann
, B.
Dkhil
, I. E.
Baggari
, M.
Fanciulli
, I.
Fina
, E.
Fortunato
, C.
Frontera
, S.
Fujita
, V.
Garcia
, S.
Goennenwein
, C.-G.
Granqvist
, J.
Grollier
, R.
Gross
, A.
Hagfeldt
, G.
Herranz
, K.
Hono
, E.
Houwman
, M.
Huijben
, A.
Kalaboukhov
, D.
Keeble
, G.
Koster
, L.
Kourkoutis
, J.
Levy
, M.
Lira-Cantu
, J.
MacManus-Driscoll
, J.
Mannhart
, R.
Martins
, S.
Menzel
, T.
Mikolajick
, M.
Napari
, M.
Nguyen
, G.
Niklasson
, C.
Paillard
, S.
Panigrahi
, G.
Rijnders
, F.
Sánchez
, P.
Sanchis
, S.
Sanna
, D.
Schlom
, U.
Schroeder
, K.
Shen
, A.
Siemon
, M.
Spreitzer
, H.
Sukegawa
, R.
Tamayo
, J.
van den Brink
, N.
Pryds
, and F. M.
Granozio
, “Towards oxide electronics: A roadmap
,” Appl. Surf. Sci.
482
, 1
– 93
(2019
), roadmap for Oxide Electronics, pushed forward by the TO-BE EU Cost action.5.
A. V.
Chumak
, V. I.
Vasyuchka
, A. A.
Serga
, and B.
Hillebrands
, “Magnon spintronics
,” Nat. Phys.
11
, 453
–461
(2015
).6.
A. V.
Chumak
, A. A.
Serga
, and B.
Hillebrands
, “Magnonic crystals for data processing
,” J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.
50
, 244001
(2017
).7.
K.
Nakata
, P.
Simon
, and D.
Loss
, “Spin currents and magnon dynamics in insulating magnets
,” J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.
50
, 114004
(2017
).8.
L. J.
Cornelissen
, J.
Liu
, B. J.
van Wees
, and R. A.
Duine
, “Spin-current-controlled modulation of the magnon spin conductance in a three-terminal magnon transistor
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
120
, 097702
(2018
).9.
K.
An
, D. R.
Birt
, C.-F.
Pai
, K.
Olsson
, D. C.
Ralph
, R. A.
Buhrman
, and X.
Li
, “Control of propagating spin waves via spin transfer torque in a metallic bilayer waveguide
,” Phys. Rev. B
89
, 140405
(2014
).10.
O.
Gladii
, M.
Collet
, K.
Garcia-Hernandez
, C.
Cheng
, S.
Xavier
, P.
Bortolotti
, V.
Cros
, Y.
Henry
, J.-V.
Kim
, A.
Anane
, and M.
Bailleul
, “Spin wave amplification using the spin Hall effect in permalloy/platinum bilayers
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
108
, 202407
(2016
).11.
V. E.
Demidov
, S.
Urazhdin
, E. R. J.
Edwards
, M. D.
Stiles
, R. D.
McMichael
, and S. O.
Demokritov
, “Control of magnetic fluctuations by spin current
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
107
, 107204
(2011
).12.
V. E.
Demidov
, S.
Urazhdin
, A. B.
Rinkevich
, G.
Reiss
, and S. O.
Demokritov
, “Spin hall controlled magnonic microwaveguides
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
104
, 152402
(2014
).13.
T.
Fischer
, M.
Kewenig
, D. A.
Bozhko
, A. A.
Serga
, I. I.
Syvorotka
, F.
Ciubotaru
, C.
Adelmann
, B.
Hillebrands
, and A. V.
Chumak
, “Experimental prototype of a spin-wave majority gate
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
110
, 152401
(2017
).14.
A. V.
Chumak
, A. A.
Serga
, and B.
Hillebrands
, “Magnon transistor for all-magnon data processing
,” Nat. Commun.
5
, 4700
(2014
).15.
M.
Krawczyk
and D.
Grundler
, “Review and prospects of magnonic crystals and devices with reprogrammable band structure
,” J. Phys.: Condens. Matter
26
, 123202
(2014
).16.
L. J.
Cornelissen
, J.
Liu
, R. A.
Duine
, J. B.
Youssef
, and B. J.
van Wees
, “Long-distance transport of magnon spin information in a magnetic insulator at room temperature
,” Nat. Phys.
11
, 1022
–1026
(2015
).17.
S. T. B.
Goennenwein
, R.
Schlitz
, M.
Pernpeintner
, K.
Ganzhorn
, M.
Althammer
, R.
Gross
, and H.
Huebl
, “Non-local magnetoresistance in YIG/Pt nanostructures
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
107
, 172405
(2015
).18.
S.
Vélez
, A.
Bedoya-Pinto
, W.
Yan
, L. E.
Hueso
, and F.
Casanova
, “Competing effects at Pt/YIG interfaces: Spin hall magnetoresistance, magnon excitations, and magnetic frustration
,” Phys. Rev. B
94
, 174405
(2016
).19.
B. L.
Giles
, Z.
Yang
, J. S.
Jamison
, and R. C.
Myers
, “Long-range pure magnon spin diffusion observed in a nonlocal spin-seebeck geometry
,” Phys. Rev. B
92
, 224415
(2015
).20.
J.
Shan
, L. J.
Cornelissen
, N.
Vlietstra
, J.
Ben Youssef
, T.
Kuschel
, R. A.
Duine
, and B. J.
van Wees
, “Influence of yttrium iron garnet thickness and heater opacity on the nonlocal transport of electrically and thermally excited magnons
,” Phys. Rev. B
94
, 174437
(2016
).21.
J. E.
Hirsch
, “Spin Hall effect
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
83
, 1834
–1837
(1999
).22.
M. I.
Dyakonov
and V. I.
Perel
, “Possibility of orienting electron spins with current
,” J. Exp. Theor. Phys. Lett.
13
, 467
(1971
).23.
M.
Althammer
, “Pure spin currents in magnetically ordered insulator/normal metal heterostructures
,” J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.
51
, 313001
(2018
).24.
K.
Ganzhorn
, S.
Klingler
, T.
Wimmer
, S.
Geprägs
, R.
Gross
, H.
Huebl
, and S. T. B.
Goennenwein
, “Magnon-based logic in a multi-terminal YIG/Pt nanostructure
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
109
, 022405
(2016
).25.
T.
Wimmer
, M.
Althammer
, L.
Liensberger
, N.
Vlietstra
, S.
Geprägs
, M.
Weiler
, R.
Gross
, and H.
Huebl
, “Spin transport in a magnetic insulator with zero effective damping
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
123
, 257201
(2019
).26.
J.
Cramer
, L.
Baldrati
, A.
Ross
, M.
Vafaee
, R.
Lebrun
, and M.
Kläui
, “Impact of electromagnetic fields and heat on spin transport signals in y3fe5o12
,” Phys. Rev. B
100
, 094439
(2019
).27.
K. S.
Das
, F.
Feringa
, M.
Middelkamp
, B. J.
van Wees
, and I. J.
Vera-Marun
, “Modulation of magnon spin transport in a magnetic gate transistor
,” Phys. Rev. B
101
, 054436
(2020
).28.
N.
Thiery
, A.
Draveny
, V. V.
Naletov
, L.
Vila
, J. P.
Attané
, C.
Beigné
, G.
de Loubens
, M.
Viret
, N.
Beaulieu
, J.
Ben Youssef
, V. E.
Demidov
, S. O.
Demokritov
, A. N.
Slavin
, V. S.
Tiberkevich
, A.
Anane
, P.
Bortolotti
, V.
Cros
, and O.
Klein
, “Nonlinear spin conductance of yttrium iron garnet thin films driven by large spin-orbit torque
,” Phys. Rev. B
97
, 060409
(2018
).29.
M.
Schreier
, N.
Roschewsky
, E.
Dobler
, S.
Meyer
, H.
Huebl
, R.
Gross
, and S. T. B.
Goennenwein
, “Current heating induced spin seebeck effect
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
103
, 242404
(2013
).30.
L. J.
Cornelissen
, K. J. H.
Peters
, G. E. W.
Bauer
, R. A.
Duine
, and B. J.
van Wees
, “Magnon spin transport driven by the magnon chemical potential in a magnetic insulator
,” Phys. Rev. B
94
, 014412
(2016
).© 2020 Author(s).
2020
Author(s)
You do not currently have access to this content.
