Designing and implementing means of locally trapping magnetic beads and understanding the factors underlying the bead capture force are important steps toward advancing the capture-release process of magnetic particles for biological applications. In particular, capturing magnetically labeled cells using magnetic microstructures with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) will enable an approach to cell manipulation for emerging lab-on-a-chip devices. Here, a Co (0.2 nm)/Ni (0.4 nm) multilayered structure was designed to exhibit strong PMA and large saturation magnetization (Ms). Finite element simulations were performed to assess the dependence of the capture force on the value of Ms. The simulated force profile indicated the largest force at the perimeter of the disks. Arrays of Co/Ni disk structures of (4–7) μm diameter were fabricated and tested in a microchannel with suspended fluorescent magnetic beads. The magnetic beads were captured and localized to the edge of the disks as predicted by the simulations. This approach has been demonstrated to enable uniform assembly of magnetic beads without external fields and may provide a pathway toward precise cell manipulation methods.
References
1.
M.
Johnson
, P.
Bloemen
, F.
Broeder
, and J.
Vries
, “Magnetic anisotropy in metallic multilayers
,” Rep. Prog. Phys.
59
(11
), 1409
–1458
(1996
).2.
G.
Medoro
, N.
Manaresi
, A.
Leonardi
, L.
Altomare
, M.
Tartagni
, and R.
Guerrieri
, “A lab-on-a-chip for cell detection and manipulation
,” IEEE Sens. J.
3
(3
), 317
–325
(2003
).3.
Z.
Xiao
, R.
Khojah
, M.
Chooljian
, R.
Lo Conte
, J. D.
Schneider
, K.
Fitzell
, R. V.
Chopdekar
, Y.
Wang
, A.
Scholl
, J.
Chang
, G. P.
Carman
, J.
Bokor
, D.
Di Carlo
, and R. N.
Candler
, “Cytocompatible magnetostrictive microstructures for nano-and microparticle manipulation on linear strain response piezoelectrics
,” Multifunct. Mater.
1
(1
), 014004
(2018
).4.
J.-W.
Choi
, K. W.
Oh
, J. H.
Thomas
, W. R.
Heineman
, H. B.
Halsall
, J. H.
Nevin
, A. J.
Helmicki
, H. T.
Henderson
, and C. H.
Ahn
, “An integrated microfluidic biochemical detection system for protein analysis with magnetic bead-based sampling capabilities
,” Lab Chip
2
(1
), 27
(2002
).5.
S.
Berensmeier
, “Magnetic particles for the separation and purification of nucleic acids
,” Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
73
(3
), 495
–504
(2006
).6.
J. D.
Adams
, U.
Kim
, and H. T.
Soh
, “Multitarget magnetic activated cell sorter
,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
105
(47
), 18165
–18170
(2008
).7.
N.
Pamme
, “Magnetism and microfluidics
,” Lab Chip
6
(1
), 24
–38
(2006
).8.
F. J. A.
den Broeder
, W.
Hoving
, and P. J. H.
Bloemen
, “Magnetic anisotropy of multilayers
,” J. Magn. Magn. Mater.
93
, 562
–570
(1991
).9.
G.
Bochi
, C. A.
Ballentine
, H. E.
Inglefield
, C. V.
Thompson
, R. C.
O'handley
, H. J.
Hug
, B.
Stiefel
, A.
Moser
, and H.-J.
Güntherodt
, “Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, domains, and misfit strain in epitaxial Ni/Cu 1− x Ni x/Cu/Si (001) thin films
,” Phys. Rev. B
52
(10
), 7311
–7321
(1995
).10.
J.-M. L.
Beaujour
, W.
Chen
, K.
Krycka
, C.-C.
Kao
, J. Z.
Sun
, and A. D.
Kent
, “Ferromagnetic resonance study of sputtered Co|Ni multilayers
,” Eur. Phys. J. B
59
, 475
–483
(2007
).11.
R.
Sbiaa
, H.
Meng
, and S. N.
Piramanayagam
, “Materials with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy for magnetic random access memory
,” Phys. Status Solidi RRL.
5
(12
), 413
–419
(2011
).12.
D. B.
Gopman
, C. L.
Dennis
, P. J.
Chen
, Y. L.
Iunin
, P.
Finkel
, M.
Staruch
, and R. D.
Shull
, “Strain-assisted magnetization reversal in Co/Ni multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
,” Sci. Rep.
6
(1
), 27774
(2016
).13.
A.
Hultgren
, M.
Tanase
, C. S.
Chen
, G. J.
Meyer
, and D. H.
Reich
, “Cell manipulation using magnetic nanowires
,” Cit. J. Appl. Phys.
93
, 7554
(2003
).14.
H.
Yun
, K.
Kim
, and W. G.
Lee
, “Cell manipulation in microfluidics
,” Biofabrication
5
(2
), 022001
. (2013
).15.
J.
Voldman
, “Electrical forces for Microscale cell manipulation
,” Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng.
8
(1
), 425
–454
(2006
).16.
A.
Ashkin
and J. M.
Dziedzic
, “Internal cell manipulation using infrared laser traps
,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
86
(20
), 7914
–7918
(1989
).17.
Y.
Tokura
, “Multiferroics—toward strong coupling between magnetization and polarization in a solid
,” J. Magn. Magn. Mater.
310
(2
), 1145
–1150
(2007
).18.
C.
Liu
, T.
Stakenborg
, S.
Peeters
, and L.
Lagae
, “Cell manipulation with magnetic particles toward microfluidic cytometry
,” J. Appl. Phys.
105
(10
), 102014
(2009
).19.
C.-Y.
Liang
, S. M.
Keller
, A. E.
Sepulveda
, A.
Bur
, W.-Y.
Sun
, K.
Wetzlar
, and G. P.
Carman
, “Modeling of magnetoelastic nanostructures with a fully coupled mechanical-micromagnetic model
,” Nanotechnol.
25
(43
), 435701
(2014
).20.
A.
Barra
, A.
Mal
, G.
Carman
, and A.
Sepulveda
, “Voltage induced mechanical/spin wave propagation over long distances
,” Appl. Phys. Lett
., 110
(7
), 072401
(2017
).21.
Z.
Xiao
, R. L.
Conte
, C.
Chen
, C.-Y.
Liang
, A.
Sepulveda
, J.
Bokor
, G. P.
Carman
, and R. N.
Candler
, “Bi-directional coupling in strain-mediated multiferroic heterostructures with magnetic domains and domain wall motion
,” Sci. Rep
., 8
(1
), 5207
(2018
).22.
E.
Rapoport
and G. S.
Beach
, “Magneto-mechanical resonance of a single superparamagnetic microbead trapped by a magnetic domain wall
,” J. Appl. Phys
111
(7
), 07B310
(2012
).23.
P.
Chen
, Y. Y.
Huang
, K.
Hoshino
, and J. X.
Zhang
, “Microscale magnetic field modulation for enhanced capture and distribution of rare circulating tumor cells
,” Sci. Rep
., 5
, 8745
(2015
).24.
J.
Crangle
and G. M.
Goodman
, “The magnetization of pure iron and nickel
,” Proc. R. Soc. London.A. Math. Phys. Sci.
321
(1547
), 477
–491
(1971
).25.
E. F.
Kneller
and R.
Hawig
, “The exchange-spring magnet: A new material principle for permanent magnets
,” IEEE Trans. Magn.
27
(4
), 3588
–3560
(1991
).26.
C.
Kittel
, “On the Theory of Ferromagnetic Resonance Absorption
,” Phys. Rev.
73
(2
), 155
–161
(1948
).27.
G. H. O.
Daalderop
, P. J.
Kelly
, and F. J. A.
Den Broeder
, “Prediction and confirmation of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Co/Ni multilayers
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
68
(5
), 682
–685
(1992
).28.
S.
Mangin
, D.
Ravelosona
, J. A.
Katine
, M. J.
Carey
, B. D.
Terris
, and E. E.
Fullerton
, “Current-induced magnetization reversal in nanopillars with perpendicular anisotropy
,” Nat. Mater.
5
(3
), 210
–215
(2006
).29.
M.
Gottwald
, S.
Andrieu
, F.
Gimbert
, E.
Shipton
, L.
Calmels
, C.
Magen
, E.
Snoeck
, M.
Liberati
, T.
Hauet
, E.
Arenholz
, S.
Mangin
, and E. E.
Fullerton
, “Co/Ni(111) superlattices studied by microscopy, x-ray absorption, and ab initio calculations
,” Phys. Rev. B
86
(1
), p. 014425
(2012
).30.
N.
Nakajima
, T.
Koide
, T.
Shidara
, H.
Miyauchi
, H.
Fukutani
, A.
Fujimori
, K.
Iio
, T.
Katayama
, M.
Nývlt
, and Y.
Suzuki
, “Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy Caused by Interfacial Hybridization via Enhanced Orbital Moment in Co/Pt Multilayers: Magnetic Circular X-Ray Dichroism Study
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
81
(23
), 5229
–5232
(1998
).© 2019 Author(s).
2019
Author(s)
You do not currently have access to this content.