Cold field emission sources are capable of providing highly coherent and bright electron beams. However, they suffer from some well-known practical difficulties that have prevented their widespread use: unmanageably stringent ultrahigh vacuum requirements, relatively large current instabilities, and rapid emission decays in periods as short as 1–2 h, requiring regular flashing (Joule heating). This paper presents the microfabrication and a successful emission test of a micron-sized concentric ring-graphene cathode cold field emitter, without any observable wall collapse. The cathode is designed to have a nanometer size ring-edge, while its radius can measure several microns or larger, providing stable electron emission under high vacuum conditions. The turn-on electric field of a ring-cathode source can be dramatically lowered by introducing a thin layer of nickel nanoparticles by an in-situ focused ion beam process. The dependence of field enhancement on the anode-cathode distance and the ring-cathode radius has been systematically studied.
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Structural and electronic optimization of ring-graphene cathodes and their field emission properties
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3 June 2019
Research Article|
June 03 2019
Structural and electronic optimization of ring-graphene cathodes and their field emission properties
Xiuyuan Shao;
Xiuyuan Shao
a)
1
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore
, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
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Wei Kean Ang
;
Wei Kean Ang
a)
1
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore
, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
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Pranesh Balamuniappan;
Pranesh Balamuniappan
1
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore
, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
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Anjam Khursheed
Anjam Khursheed
b)
1
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore
, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
2
Engineering Science Programme, National University of Singapore
, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
b)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: eleka@nus.edu.sg
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a)
Contributions: X. Shao and W. K. Ang contributed equally to this work.
b)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: eleka@nus.edu.sg
Appl. Phys. Lett. 114, 223101 (2019)
Article history
Received:
March 27 2019
Accepted:
April 24 2019
Citation
Xiuyuan Shao, Wei Kean Ang, Pranesh Balamuniappan, Anjam Khursheed; Structural and electronic optimization of ring-graphene cathodes and their field emission properties. Appl. Phys. Lett. 3 June 2019; 114 (22): 223101. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5097676
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