This letter demonstrates a possibility to overcome the polarization-dependent problem in surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) performance by two-dimensional (2D) sinusoidal silver grating. A reproducible SERS substrate with a large area can be easily fabricated by maskless laser interference photolithography. The polarization-independent SERS performance and SERS enhancement factor (EF) of this substrate are deduced by finite difference time domain and demonstrated by R6G SERS detection experiments. SERS performance of 2D sinusoidal grating is polarization-independent over the whole 360° and EF can be 5 orders of magnitude as possible. Moreover, this long-range SERS substrate can realize label-free SERS detection of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT).
References
1.
J.
Gersten
and A.
Nitzan
, “Electromagnetic theory of enhanced Raman scattering by molecules adsorbed on rough surfaces
,” J. Chem. Phys.
73
, 3023
–3037
(1980
).2.
C. L.
Haynes
, A. D.
McFarland
, and R. P. V.
Duyne
, “Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
,” Anal. Chem.
77
, 338A
–346A
(2005
).3.
M.
Li
, S. K.
Cushing
, H.
Liang
, S.
Suri
, D.
Ma
, and N.
Wu
, “Plasmonic nanorice antenna on triangle nanoarray for surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection of hepatitis B virus DNA
,” Anal. Chem.
85
, 2072
–2078
(2013
).4.
A.
Hakonen
, P. O.
Andersson
, M. S.
Schmidt
, T.
Rindzevicius
, and M.
Käll
, “Explosive and chemical threat detection by surface-enhanced Raman scattering: A review
,” Anal. Chim. Acta
893
, 1
–3
(2015
).5.
K.
Kneipp
, M.
Moskovits
, and H.
Kneipp
, Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering: Physics and Applications
(Springer
, 2006
), pp. 19
–45
.6.
K. A.
Willets
and R. P. V.
Duyne
, “Localized surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and sensing
,” Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem.
58
, 267
–297
(2007
).7.
K. L.
Kelly
, E.
Coronado
, L. L.
Zhao
, and G. C.
Schatz
, “The optical properties of metal nanoparticles: The influence of size, shape, and dielectric environment
,” J. Phys. Chem. B
107
, 668
–677
(2003
).8.
Y.
Chen
and H.
Ming
, “Review of surface plasmon resonance and localized surface plasmon resonance sensor
,” Photonic Sens.
2
, 37
–49
(2012
).9.
S. L.
Kleinman
, R. R.
Frontiera
, A. L.
Henry
, J. A.
Dieringer
, and R. P. V.
Duyne
, “Creating, characterizing, and controlling chemistry with SERS hot spots
,” Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
15
, 21
–36
(2013
).10.
R.
Gillibert
, M.
Sarkar
, J. F.
Bryche
, R.
Yasukuni
, J.
Moreau
, M.
Besbes
, G.
Barbillon
, B.
Bartenlian
, M.
Canva
, and M. L. D. L.
Chapelle
, “Directional surface enhanced Raman scattering on gold nano-gratings
,” Nanotechnology
27
, 115202
(2016
).11.
J. M.
Montgomery
, A.
Imre
, U.
Welp
, V. V.
Vlasov
, and S. K.
Gray
, “SERS enhancements via periodic arrays of gold nanoparticles on silver film structures
,” Opt. Express
17
, 8669
–8675
(2009
).12.
C.
Farcau
, R. A. L.
Vallee
, S.
Boca
, and S.
Astilean
, “Polarized SERS on linear array of silver half-shells: SERS re-radiation modulated by local density of optical states
,” J. Opt.
17
, 114007
(2015
).13.
C.
Li
, C.
Wu
, J.
Zheng
, J.
Lai
, C.
Zhang
, and Y.
Zhao
, “LSPR sensing of molecular biothiols based on noncoupled gold nanorods
,” Langmuir
26
, 9130
–9135
(2010
).14.
D. E.
Charles
, D.
Aherne
, M.
Gara
, G. M.
Ledwith
, Y. K.
Gunko
, J. M.
Kelly
, W. J.
Blau
, and M. E.
Brennan-Fournet
, “Versatile solution phase triangular silver nanoplates for highly sensitive plasmon resonance sensing
,” ACS Nano
4
, 55
–64
(2010
).15.
M. S.
Goh
, Y. H.
Lee
, S.
Pedireddy
, I. Y.
Phang
, W. W.
Tjiu
, J. M. R.
Tan
, and X. Y.
Ling
, “A chemical route to increase hot spots on silver nanowires for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy application
,” Langmuir
28
, 14441
–14449
(2012
).16.
Y.
Jing
, R. F.
Hui
, C. X.
Yuan
, F. D.
Lei
, C.
Swapnajit
, W.
Zheng
, T. C.
Ray
, and X. W.
Alan
, “Guided-mode resonance grating with self-assembled silver nanoparticles for surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy
,” Photonics
1
, 380
–389
(2014
).17.
Y.
Kalachyova
, D.
Mares
, O.
Lyutakov
, M.
Kostejn
, L.
Lapcak
, and V.
Švorčík
, “Surface plasmon polaritons on silver gratings for optimal SERS response
,” J. Phys. Chem. C
119
, 9506
–9512
(2015
).18.
D.
Steinigeweg
, M.
Schütz
, and S.
Schlücker
, “Single gold trimers and 3D superstructures exhibit a polarization-independent SERS response
,” Nanoscale
5
, 110
–113
(2013
).19.
F.
Chao
, Z.
Yan
, and J. Y.
Jian
, “Interesting polarization-independent SERS detection performance induced by the rotation symmetry of multiparticle nanostructures
,” Nanotechnology
27
, 045702
(2016
).20.
X. Y.
Liu
, J. A.
Huang
, B.
Yang
, X. J.
Zhang
, and Y. Y.
Zhu
, “Highly reproducible SERS substrate based on polarization-free Ag nanoparticles decorated SiO2/Si core-shell nanowires array
,” AIP Adv.
5
, 057159
(2015
).21.
F.
Chao
, Z.
Yan
, and J. Y.
Jian
, “Periodic array of regular Ag nanoparticle trimers a reliable polarization-independent surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrate
,” RSC Adv.
6
, 83273
–83279
(2016
).22.
L. P.
Du
, X. J.
Zhang
, T.
Mei
, and X. C.
Yuan
, “Localized surface plasmons, surface plasmon polaritons, and their coupling in 2D metallic array for SERS
,” Opt. Express
18
(3
), 1959
–1965
(2010
).23.
M.
Hu
, D.
Fattal
, J. J.
Li
, X. M.
Li
, Z. Y.
Li
, and R. S.
Williams
, “Optical properties of sub-wavelength dielectric gratings and their application for surface-enhanced Raman scattering
,” Appl. Phys. A
105
(2
), 261
–266
(2011
).24.
J.
Yang
, D. R.
Judson
, S. K.
Dmitry
, and M. W.
Sharon
, “Controlling surface enhanced Raman scattering using grating-type patterned nanoporous gold substrates
,” Opt. Mater. Express
3
(8
), 1137
–1148
(2013
).25.
G. G.
Kang
, J.
Wang
, P.
Li
, J. J.
Zang
, X. D.
Meng
, and X. D.
Tan
, “Modes manipulation within subwavelength metallic gratings
,” Plasmonics
11
(4
), 1169
–1174
(2016
).26.
Y.
Brûlé
, G.
Demésy
, B.
Gralak
, and E.
Popov
, “Surface plasmon hurdles leading to a strongly localized giant field enhancement on two-dimensional (2D) metallic diffraction gratings
,” Opt. Express
23
(7
), 9167
–9182
(2015
).27.
R.
Li
, Q.
Wang
, H.
Li
, K.
Liu
, S.
Pan
, W. S.
Zhan
, and M. D.
Chen
, “Numerical study on the mechanisms of the SERS of gold-coated pyramidal tip substrates
,” J. Phys.: Condens. Matter
28
(25
), 254004
(2016
).28.
H. F.
Ghaemi
, T.
Thio
, D. E.
Grupp
, T. W.
Ebbesen
, and H. J.
Lezec
, “Surface plasmons enhance optical transmission through subwavelength holes
,” Phys. Rev. B
58
, 6779
–6782
(1998
).29.
T. W.
Lee
and S. K.
Gray
, “Subwavelength light bending by metal slit structures
,” Opt. Express
13
, 9652
–9659
(2005
).30.
C.
Xiao
, Z. B.
Chen
, M. Z.
Qin
, D. X.
Zhang
, and L.
Fan
, “DERS substrate based on NERS-SERS interaction in integrated microfluidic detection
,” Appl. Opt.
57
, 3172
–3179
(2018
).31.
V. I.
Kukushkin
, A. B.
Van'kov
, and I. V.
Kukushkin
, “Long-range manifestation of surface-enhanced Raman scattering
,” JETP Lett.
98
(2
), 64
–69
(2013
).32.
P. B.
Johnson
and R. W.
Christy
, “Optical constants of the noble metals
,” Phys. Rev. B
6
(12
), 4370
–4379
(1972
).33.
B.
Sharma
, M. F.
Cardinal
, S. L.
Kleinman
, N. G.
Greeneltch
, R. R.
Frontiera
, M. G.
Blaber
, G. C.
Schatz
, and R. P. V.
Duyne
, “High performance SERS substrates: Advances and challenges
,” MRS Bull.
38
, 615
–624
(2013
).34.
Y.
Zhou
, X. H.
Li
, X. G.
Ren
, L. B.
Yang
, and J. H.
Liu
, “Designing and fabricating double resonance substrate with metallic nanoparticles-metallic grating coupling system for highly intensified surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
,” Analyst
139
(19
), 4799
–4805
(2014
).© 2018 Author(s).
2018
Author(s)
You do not currently have access to this content.
