Single-step fabrication of polydimethylsiloxane microwell arrays with long-lasting hydrophilic inner surfaces

We propose a single-step fabrication method for polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) cell-adhesive microwell arrays with long-lasting (>10 months in aqueous medium) hydrophilic inner surfaces without the need for any chemical treatment such as development. Irradiation of a PDMS film with a low-energy electron beam (55 kV) in air generated a ∼40-μm-thick hydrophilic silica-like layer on the PDMS surface, which was the key to the prolonged hydrophilicity. Moreover, the concomitant compaction of the irradiated area produced dozens-of-micrometers-deep concave wells. The hydrophilic microwells generated on the hydrophobic non-irradiated PDMS surface easily trapped nano-/picoliter droplets and cells/single-cells. In addition, the surfaces of the microwells offered stable and favorable cell-adherent environments. The method presented here can realize stable and reliable lab-on-chips and cater to the expanding demand in biological and medical applications.