We report the formation of perfectly aligned, high-density, shallow nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers on the (111) surface of a diamond. The study involved step-flow growth with a high flux of nitrogen during chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth, which resulted in the formation of a highly concentrated (>1019 cm−3) nitrogen layer approximately 10 nm away from the substrate surface. Photon counts obtained from the NV centers indicated the presence of 6.1 × 1015–3.1 × 1016 cm−3 NV centers, which suggested the formation of an ensemble of NV centers. The optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectrum confirmed perfect alignment (more than 99%) for all the samples fabricated by step-flow growth via CVD. Perfectly aligned shallow ensemble NV centers indicated a high Rabi contrast of approximately 30% which is comparable to the values reported for a single NV center. Nanoscale nuclear magnetic resonance demonstrated surface-sensitive nuclear spin detection and provided a confirmation of the NV centers' depth. Single NV center approximation indicated that the depth of the NV centers was approximately 9–10.7 nm from the surface with error of less than ±0.8 nm. Thus, a route for material control of shallow NV centers has been developed by step-flow growth using a CVD system. Our finding pioneers on the atomic level control of NV center alignment for large area quantum magnetometry.
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24 July 2017
Research Article|
July 25 2017
Perfectly aligned shallow ensemble nitrogen-vacancy centers in (111) diamond
Hitoshi Ishiwata;
Hitoshi Ishiwata
1
Academy of Co-creative Environment, Energy, Education and Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology
, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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Makoto Nakajima;
Makoto Nakajima
2
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology
, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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Kosuke Tahara
;
Kosuke Tahara
2
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology
, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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Hayato Ozawa;
Hayato Ozawa
2
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology
, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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Takayuki Iwasaki;
Takayuki Iwasaki
2
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology
, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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Mutsuko Hatano
Mutsuko Hatano
a)
2
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology
, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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a)
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: hatano.m.ab@m.titech.ac.jp
Appl. Phys. Lett. 111, 043103 (2017)
Article history
Received:
April 12 2017
Accepted:
June 27 2017
Citation
Hitoshi Ishiwata, Makoto Nakajima, Kosuke Tahara, Hayato Ozawa, Takayuki Iwasaki, Mutsuko Hatano; Perfectly aligned shallow ensemble nitrogen-vacancy centers in (111) diamond. Appl. Phys. Lett. 24 July 2017; 111 (4): 043103. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4993160
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