We report the performance of a reliable three-dimensional nanometer-sized Superconducting QUantum Interference Device (SQUID). The use of superconductor-isolator-superconductor Nb/Al-AlOx/Nb Josephson tunnel junctions together with small SQUID loop dimensions permits a high modulation depth of the SQUID's critical current and thus leads to very low intrinsic flux noise of the device. In particular, we present electrical characterization including detailed noise investigations. At 4.2 K, two-stage noise measurements with a SQUID as a low noise preamplifier result in a white flux noise of 51 nΦ0/Hz1/2, which is equivalent to an energy resolution of 1.3 h, with h being Planck's constant. Simulation of spin sensitivities results in about 1 μB/Hz1/2 for an electron spin positioned directly above the SQUID ring.
References
1.
S. D.
Bader
, Rev. Mod. Phys
78
, 1
(2006
).2.
C.
Granata
and A.
Vettoliere
, Phys. Rep.
614
, 1
(2016
).3.
L.
Hao
and C.
Granata
, Supercond. Sci. Technol.
30
, 0050301
(2017
).4.
W.
Wernsdorfer
, Supercond. Sci. Technol.
22
, 064013
(2009
).5.
R. F.
Voss
, R. B.
Laibowitz
, and A. N.
Broers
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
37
, 656
(1980
).6.
M. B.
Ketchen
, D. D.
Awschalom
, W. J.
Gallagher
, A. W.
Kleinsasser
, R. L.
Sandstrom
, J. R.
Bozen
, and B.
Bumble
, IEEE Trans. Magn.
25
, 1212
(1989
).7.
S. K. H.
Lam
and D. L.
Tilbrook
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
82
, 1078
(2003
).8.
A. G. P.
Troeman
, H.
Derking
, B.
Boerger
, J.
Pleikies
, D.
Veldhuis
, and H.
Hilgenkamp
, Nano Lett.
7
, 2152
(2007
).9.
L.
Hao
, J. C.
Macfarlane
, J. C.
Gallop
, D.
Cox
, J.
Beyer
, D.
Drung
, and T.
Schuring
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
92
, 192507
(2008
).10.
C.
Granata
, E.
Esposito
, A.
Vettoliere
, L.
Petti
, and M.
Russo
, Nanotechnology
19
, 275501
(2008
).11.
D.
Vasyukov
, Y.
Anahory
, L.
Embon
, D.
Halbertal
, J.
Cuppens
, L.
Neeman
, A.
Finkler
, Y.
Segev
, Y.
Myasoedov
, M. L.
Rappaport
, M. E.
Huber
, and E.
Zeldov
, Nat. Nanotechnol.
8
, 639
(2013
).12.
J.
Nagel
, O. F.
Kieler
, T.
Weimann
, R.
Wolbing
, J.
Kohlmann
, A. B.
Zorin
, R.
Kleiner
, D.
Koelle
, and M.
Kemmler
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
99
, 032506
(2011
).13.
R.
Wölbing
, J.
Nagel
, T.
Schwarz
, O.
Kieler
, T. J.
Weimann
, J.
Kohlmann
, A. B.
Zorin
, M.
Kemmler
, R.
Kleiner
, and D.
Koelle
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
102
, 192601
(2013
).14.
C.
Granata
, A.
Vettoliere
, R.
Russo
, M.
Fretto
, N.
De Leo
, and V.
Lacquaniti
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
103
, 102602
(2013
).15.
C.
Granata
, A.
Vettoliere
, M.
Fretto
, N.
De Leo
, and V.
Lacquaniti
, J. Magn. Magn. Mater.
384
, 117
(2015
).16.
M.
Schmelz
, Y.
Matsui
, R.
Stolz
, V.
Zakosarenko
, T.
Schönau
, S.
Anders
, S.
Linzen
, H.
Itozaki
, and H.-G.
Meyer
, Supercond. Sci. Technol.
28
, 015004
(2015
).17.
M. J.
Martínez-Pérez
, D.
Gella
, B.
Mu¨ller
, V.
Morosh
, R.
Wo¨lbing
, J.
Sesé
, O.
Kieler
, R.
Kleiner
, and D.
Koelle
, ACS Nano
10
, 8308
(2016
).18.
M.
Fretto
, E.
Enrico
, N.
De Leo
, L.
Boarino
, R.
Rocci
, and V.
Lacquaniti
, IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
23
, 1101104
(2013
).19.
C.
Granata
, D.
Massarotti
, A.
Vettoliere
, M.
Fretto
, L.
D'Ortenzi
, N.
De Leo
, D.
Stornaiulo
, P.
Silvestrini
, B.
Ruggiero
, F.
Tafuri
, and V.
Lacquaniti
, IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
26
, 1
(2016
).20.
C. D.
Tesche
and J.
Clarke
, J. Low Temp. Phys.
29
, 301
(1977
).21.
Supracon AG
, See http://www.supracon.com/ for the development of low noise SQUID readout electronics.22.
V.
Foglietti
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
59
, 476
(1991
).23.
J.
Clarke
, “SQUID concepts and systems
,” in Superconducting Electronics
, edited by H.
Weinstock
and M.
Nisenoff
(Springer Verlag
, Berlin/Heidelberg/New York
, 1989
), Vol. 59
, pp. 87
–148
.24.
D. D.
Awschalom
, J. R.
Rozen
, M. B.
Ketchen
, W. J.
Gallagher
, A. W.
Kleinsasser
, R. L.
Sandstrom
, and B.
Bumble
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
53
, 2108
(1988
).25.
M.
Schmelz
, V.
Zakosarenko
, T.
Schönau
, S.
Anders
, S.
Linzen
, R.
Stolz
, and H. G.
Meyer
, Supercond Sci. Technol.
30
, 014001
(2017
).26.
D. J.
Van Harlingen
, R. H.
Koch
, and J.
Clarke
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
41
, 197
(1982
).27.
C.
Granata
, A.
Vettoliere
, P.
Walke
, C.
Nappi
, and M.
Russo
, J. Appl. Phys.
106
, 023925
(2009
).28.
D. L.
Tilbrook
, Supercond Sci. Technol.
22
, 064003
(2009
).29.
R.
Russo
, C.
Granata
, E.
Esposito
, D.
Peddis
, C.
Cannas
, and A.
Vettoliere
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
101
, 122601
(2012
).© 2017 Author(s).
2017
Author(s)
You do not currently have access to this content.
