Spin-orbit torque (SOT) induced magnetization switching has become a research focus in spintronics because it enables energy-efficient switching. There have been several experiments realizing field-free SOT-induced magnetization switching of materials with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in a bilayer system, either using thin Co(Fe) and CoFeB layers with interfacial PMA or using Co/Ni multilayers. All of these stacks are ferromagnets with large saturation magnetization (MS). Here, we demonstrate SOT switching in a multilayer stack of CoFeB/Gd/CoFeB. This stack shows a good PMA and a low MS (370 ± 20 emu/cm3), where CoFeB and Gd layers are antiferromagnetically exchange-coupled with each other. SOT induced magnetization switching has been demonstrated in this stack at zero magnetic field with a switching current density of ∼9.6 × 106 A/cm2 by using antiferromagnetic PtMn as the spin Hall channel material. The spin Hall angle of PtMn was also determined to be ∼0.084 ± 0.005 by performing a second harmonic Hall measurement. This layer structure is compatible with perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (p-MTJs), which could enable field-free three-terminal p-MTJs and lead to memory and logic devices based on SOT.
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3 July 2017
Research Article|
July 05 2017
Field-free spin-orbit torque switching of composite perpendicular CoFeB/Gd/CoFeB layers utilized for three-terminal magnetic tunnel junctions
Jun-Yang Chen
;
Jun-Yang Chen
a)
1
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota
, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Mahendra DC;
Mahendra DC
2
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota
, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Delin Zhang;
Delin Zhang
1
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota
, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Zhengyang Zhao
;
Zhengyang Zhao
1
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota
, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Mo Li
;
Mo Li
1
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota
, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Jian-Ping Wang
Jian-Ping Wang
1
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota
, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Jun-Yang Chen
1,a)
Mahendra DC
2
Delin Zhang
1
Zhengyang Zhao
1
Jian-Ping Wang
1
1
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota
, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
2
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota
, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
a)
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. [email protected] or [email protected]
Appl. Phys. Lett. 111, 012402 (2017)
Article history
Received:
April 26 2017
Accepted:
June 18 2017
Citation
Jun-Yang Chen, Mahendra DC, Delin Zhang, Zhengyang Zhao, Mo Li, Jian-Ping Wang; Field-free spin-orbit torque switching of composite perpendicular CoFeB/Gd/CoFeB layers utilized for three-terminal magnetic tunnel junctions. Appl. Phys. Lett. 3 July 2017; 111 (1): 012402. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4990994
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