We report in situ and ex situ fabrication approaches to construct p-type (CuO) and n-type (SnO2) metal oxide nanowire devices for operation inside an environmental transmission electron microscope (TEM). By taking advantage of their chemoresistive properties, the nanowire devices were employed as sensitive probes for detecting reactive species induced by the interactions of high-energy electrons with surrounding gas molecules, in particular, for the case of O2 gas pressures up to 20 mbar. In order to rationalize our experimental findings, a computational model based on the particle-in-cell method was implemented to calculate the spatial distributions of scattered electrons and ionized oxygen species in the environmental TEM. Our approach enables the a priori identification and qualitative measurement of undesirable beam effects, paving the way for future developments related to their mitigation.
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27 February 2017
Research Article|
February 28 2017
Probing electron beam effects with chemoresistive nanosensors during in situ environmental transmission electron microscopy
S. Steinhauer;
S. Steinhauer
1Nanoparticles by Design Unit,
Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) Graduate University
, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-Son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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Z. Wang
;
Z. Wang
2State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment,
Xi'an Jiaotong University
, Xi'an 710049, China
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Z. Zhou;
Z. Zhou
2State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment,
Xi'an Jiaotong University
, Xi'an 710049, China
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J. Krainer;
J. Krainer
3
Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH
, 8700 Leoben, Austria
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A. Köck;
A. Köck
3
Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH
, 8700 Leoben, Austria
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K. Nordlund
;
K. Nordlund
4Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics,
University of Helsinki
, P.O. Box 43, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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F. Djurabekova
;
F. Djurabekova
4Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics,
University of Helsinki
, P.O. Box 43, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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P. Grammatikopoulos;
P. Grammatikopoulos
1Nanoparticles by Design Unit,
Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) Graduate University
, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-Son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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a)
Electronic mail: mukhles@oist.jp.
Appl. Phys. Lett. 110, 094103 (2017)
Article history
Received:
December 20 2016
Accepted:
February 16 2017
Citation
S. Steinhauer, Z. Wang, Z. Zhou, J. Krainer, A. Köck, K. Nordlund, F. Djurabekova, P. Grammatikopoulos, M. Sowwan; Probing electron beam effects with chemoresistive nanosensors during in situ environmental transmission electron microscopy. Appl. Phys. Lett. 27 February 2017; 110 (9): 094103. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4977711
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