High-efficiency kesterite-based thin film solar cells typically feature Cu-poor, Zn-rich absorbers although secondary phases occur easily in non-stoichiometric Cu2ZnSnSe4. We therefore applied high-resolution X-ray fluorescence analysis using a synchrotron nanobeam to study the local composition of a CZTSe cross section lamella cut from a sample with an integral composition of Zn/Sn = 1.37 and Cu/(Zn+Sn) = 0.55. We find submicrometer-sized ZnSe-, SnSe/SnSe2-, and even CuSe/Cu2Se-like secondary phases, while the local compositions of the kesterite are highly Zn-rich yet barely Cu-poor with 1.5 ≤ Zn/Sn ≤ 2.2 and Cu/(Zn+Sn) ∼ 1.0. Consequently, great care must be taken when relating the integral composition to other material properties including the device performance.
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23 January 2017
Research Article|
January 23 2017
Discrepancy between integral and local composition in off-stoichiometric Cu2ZnSnSe4 kesterites: A pitfall for classification
Philipp Schöppe;
Philipp Schöppe
1Institut für Festkörperphysik,
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Galina Gurieva;
Galina Gurieva
2
Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie
, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
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Sergio Giraldo
;
Sergio Giraldo
3
Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC)
, Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1, 08930 Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, Spain
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Gema Martínez-Criado;
Gema Martínez-Criado
4
ESRF—The European Synchrotron
, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
5
Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (CSIC)
, 28049-Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
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Carsten Ronning;
Carsten Ronning
1Institut für Festkörperphysik,
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Edgardo Saucedo;
Edgardo Saucedo
3
Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC)
, Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1, 08930 Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, Spain
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Susan Schorr;
Susan Schorr
2
Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie
, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
6Institut für Geologische Wissenschaften,
Freie Universität Berlin
, Malteserstr. 74–100, 12249 Berlin, Germany
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Claudia S. Schnohr
Claudia S. Schnohr
1Institut für Festkörperphysik,
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Appl. Phys. Lett. 110, 043901 (2017)
Article history
Received:
October 21 2016
Accepted:
January 11 2017
Citation
Philipp Schöppe, Galina Gurieva, Sergio Giraldo, Gema Martínez-Criado, Carsten Ronning, Edgardo Saucedo, Susan Schorr, Claudia S. Schnohr; Discrepancy between integral and local composition in off-stoichiometric Cu2ZnSnSe4 kesterites: A pitfall for classification. Appl. Phys. Lett. 23 January 2017; 110 (4): 043901. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4974819
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