High recoverable energy density over a wide temperature range in Sr modified (Pb,La)(Zr,Sn,Ti)O₃ antiferroelectric ceramics with an orthorhombic phase Available to Purchase

Via incorporation of Sr²⁺ into (Pb,La)(Zr,Sn,Ti)O₃, high recoverable energy density (U_re) is achieved in (Pb,Sr,La)(Zr,Sn,Ti)O₃ (PSLZST) ceramics. All Sr²⁺ modified ceramics exhibit orthorhombic antiferroelectric (AFE) characteristics, and have higher ferroelectric-AFE phase switching electric field (E_A, proportional to U_re) than the base composition with a tetragonal AFE phase. By properly adjusting the Sr²⁺ content, the U_re of PSLZST ceramics is greatly improved. This is attributed to the substitution of Pb²⁺ by Sr²⁺ with a smaller ion radius, which decreases the tolerance factor leading to enhanced AFE phase stability and thus increased E_A. The best energy storage properties are achieved in the PSLZST ceramic with a Sr²⁺ content of 0.015. It exhibits a maximum room-temperature U_re of 5.56 J/cm³, the highest value achieved so far for dielectric ceramics prepared by a conventional sintering technique, and very small energy density variation (<12%) in the range of 30–90 °C. The high U_re (>4.9 J/cm³) over a wide temperature range implies attractive prospects of this material for developing high power capacitors usable under various conditions.