The emission from nanowires can couple to waveguide modes supported by the nanowire geometry, thus governing the far-field angular pattern. To investigate the geometry-induced coupling of the emission to waveguide modes, we acquire Fourier microscopy images of the photoluminescence of nanowires with diameters ranging from 143 to 208 nm. From the investigated diameter range, we conclude that a few nanometers difference in diameter can abruptly change the coupling of the emission to a specific mode. Moreover, we observe a diameter-dependent width of the Gaussian-shaped angular pattern in the far-field emission. This dependence is understood in terms of interference of the guided modes, which emit at the end facets of the nanowire. Our results are important for the design of quantum emitters, solid state lighting, and photovoltaic devices based on nanowires.

1.
N.
Panev
,
A. I.
Persson
,
N.
Sköld
, and
L.
Samuelson
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
83
,
2238
(
2003
).
2.
I.
Friedler
,
C.
Sauvan
,
J. P.
Hugonin
,
P.
Lalanne
,
J.
Claudon
, and
J.-M.
Gérard
,
Opt. Express
17
,
2095
(
2009
).
3.
K.
Haraguchi
,
T.
Katsuyama
,
K.
Hiruma
, and
K.
Ogawa
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
60
,
745
(
1992
).
4.
K.
Peng
,
Y.
Xu
,
Y.
Wu
,
Y.
Yan
,
S. T.
Lee
, and
J.
Zhu
,
Small
1
,
1062
(
2005
).
5.
J.
Wallentin
,
N.
Anttu
,
D.
Asoli
,
M.
Huffman
,
I.
Åberg
,
M. H.
Magnusson
,
G.
Siefer
,
P.
Fuss-Kailuweit
,
F.
Dimroth
,
B.
Witzigmann
,
H. Q.
Xu
,
L.
Samuelson
,
K.
Deppert
, and
M. T.
Borgström
,
Science
339
,
1057
(
2013
).
6.
G.
Bulgarini
,
M. E.
Reimer
,
M.
Bouwes Bavinck
,
K. D.
Jöns
,
D.
Dalacu
,
P. J.
Poole
,
E. P. A. M.
Bakkers
, and
V.
Zwiller
,
Nano Lett.
14
,
4102
(
2014
).
7.
A.
Köck
,
E.
Gornik
,
M.
Hauser
, and
W.
Beinstingl
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
57
,
2327
(
1990
).
8.
Y.
Xu
,
T.
Gong
, and
J. N.
Munday
,
Sci. Rep.
5
,
13536
(
2015
).
9.
G. L.
Araújo
and
A.
Martí
,
Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells
33
,
213
(
1994
).
10.
E. D.
Kosten
,
J. H.
Atwater
,
J.
Parsons
,
A.
Polman
, and
H. A.
Atwater
,
Light: Sci. Appl.
2
,
e45
(
2013
).
11.
U.
Rau
,
U. W.
Paetzold
, and
T.
Kirchartz
,
Phys. Rev. B
90
,
035211
(
2014
).
12.
G.
Grzela
,
R.
Paniagua-Domínguez
,
T.
Barten
,
Y.
Fontana
,
J. A.
Sánchez-Gil
, and
J.
Gómez Rivas
,
Nano Lett.
12
,
5481
(
2012
).
13.
D.
van Dam
,
D. R.
Abujetas
,
R.
Paniagua-Domínguez
,
J. A.
Sánchez-Gil
,
E. P. A. M.
Bakkers
,
J. E. M.
Haverkort
, and
J.
Gómez Rivas
,
Nano Lett.
15
,
4557
(
2015
).
14.
L.
Cao
,
J. S.
White
,
J.-S.
Park
,
J. A.
Schuller
,
B. M.
Clemens
, and
M. L.
Brongersma
,
Nat. Mater.
8
,
643
(
2009
).
15.
G.
Grzela
,
R.
Paniagua-Domínguez
,
T.
Barten
,
D.
van Dam
,
J. A.
Sánchez-Gil
, and
J.
Gómez Rivas
,
Nano Lett.
14
,
3227
(
2014
).
16.
J.
Claudon
,
J.
Bleuse
,
N. S.
Malik
,
M.
Bazin
,
P.
Jaffrennou
,
N.
Gregersen
,
C.
Sauvan
,
P.
Lalanne
, and
J.-M.
Gérard
,
Nat. Photon.
4
,
174
177
(
2010
).
17.
M. E.
Reimer
,
G.
Bulgarini
,
N.
Akopian
,
M.
Hocevar
,
M.
Bouwes Bavinck
,
M. A.
Verheijen
,
E. P. A. M.
Bakkers
,
L. P.
Kouwenhoven
, and
V.
Zwiller
,
Nat. Commun.
3
,
737
(
2012
).
18.
I.
Åberg
,
G.
Vescovi
,
D.
Asoli
,
U.
Naseem
,
J. P.
Gilboy
,
C.
Sundvall
,
A.
Dahlgren
,
K. E.
Svensson
,
N.
Anttu
,
M. T.
Björk
, and
L.
Samuelson
,
IEEE J. Photovoltaics
6
,
185
(
2016
).
19.
N.
Anttu
and
H. Q.
Xu
,
Opt. Express
21
,
A558
(
2013
).
20.
K.
Seo
,
M.
Wober
,
P.
Steinvurzel
,
E.
Schonbrun
,
Y.
Dan
,
T.
Ellenbogen
, and
K. B.
Crozier
,
Nano Lett.
11
,
1851
(
2011
).
21.
A. V.
Maslov
and
C. Z.
Ning
,
Opt. Lett.
29
,
572
(
2004
).
22.
G.
Bulgarini
,
M. E.
Reimer
,
T.
Zehender
,
M.
Hocevar
,
E. P. A. M.
Bakkers
,
L. P.
Kouwenhoven
, and
V.
Zwiller
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
100
,
121106
(
2012
).
23.
A. W.
Snyder
and
J. D.
Love
,
Optical Waveguide Theory
(
Chapman and Hall
,
1983
), pp.
488
501
.
24.
J.
Wang
,
M. S.
Gudiksen
,
X.
Duan
,
Y.
Cui
, and
C. M.
Lieber
,
Science
293
,
1455
(
2001
).
25.
H. E.
Ruda
and
A.
Shik
,
J. Appl. Phys.
100
,
024314
(
2006
).
26.
See supplementary material at http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4944848 for a schematic description of the polarization-dependent analysis and further details about the model.
27.
28.
C.
Wilhelm
,
A.
Larrue
,
X.
Dai
,
D.
Migas
, and
C.
Soci
,
Nanoscale
4
,
1446
(
2012
).
29.
R.
Paniagua-Domínguez
,
G.
Grzela
,
J.
Gómez Rivas
, and
J. A.
Sánchez-Gil
,
Nanoscale
5
,
10582
(
2013
).

Supplementary Material

You do not currently have access to this content.