Electric-field-temperature phase diagram of Mn-doped Bi_0.5(Na_0.9K_0.1)_0.5TiO₃ ceramics Available to Purchase

An electric field–temperature (E-T) phase diagram for a lead-free 0.5 mol. % Mn-doped Bi(Na_0.1K_0.9)TiO₃ ceramics was investigated. The x-ray diffraction, dielectric and polarization measurements revealed relaxor behavior and were used to characterize the stability regions of the non-ergodic relaxor, ergodic relaxor and electric field induced ferroelectric states. As indicated by the polarization–current density profiles, transformation between two electric fields, induced ferroelectric states with opposite polarization direction arise via a two-step process through an intermediate relaxor state. Interplay between the ferroelectric state conversion and intermediate relaxor state is governed by the dynamics of polarization relaxation. The presented E-T phase diagram revealed the effects of the applied electric field and temperature on stability regions. This is of special interest since the Bi_0.5(Na_0.1K_0.9)_0.5TiO₃ ceramics were proposed as a potential piezoceramic material.