We present a beam splitter in a suspended, ballistic, multiterminal, bilayer graphene device. By using local bottomgates, a p-n interface tilted with respect to the current direction can be formed. We show that the p-n interface acts as a semi-transparent mirror in the bipolar regime and that the reflectance and transmittance of the p-n interface can be tuned by the gate voltages. Moreover, by studying the conductance features appearing in magnetic field, we demonstrate that the position of the p-n interface can be moved by 1 μm. The herein presented beamsplitter device can form the basis of electron-optic interferometers in graphene.
References
1.
Y.
Ji
, Y.
Chung
, D.
Sprinzak
, M.
Heiblum
, D.
Mahalu
, and H.
Shtrikman
, “An electronic mach-zehnder interferometer
,” Nature
422
(6930
), 415
–418
(2003
).2.
A. S.
Mayorov
, R. V.
Gorbachev
, S. V.
Morozov
, L.
Britnell
, R.
Jalil
, L. A.
Ponomarenko
, P.
Blake
, K. S.
Novoselov
, K.
Watanabe
, T.
Taniguchi
, and A. K.
Geim
, “Micrometer-scale ballistic transport in encapsulated graphene at room temperature
,” Nano Lett.
11
(6
), 2396
–2399
(2011
).3.
T.
Taychatanapat
, K.
Watanabe
, T.
Taniguchi
, and P.
Jarillo-Herrero
, “Electrically tunable transverse magnetic focusing in graphene
,” Nat. Phys.
9
, 225
–229
(2013
).4.
V. E.
Calado
, S.-E.
Zhu
, S.
Goswami
, Q.
Xu
, K.
Watanabe
, T.
Taniguchi
, G. C. A. M.
Janssen
, and L. M. K.
Vandersypen
, “Ballistic transport in graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
104
(2
), 023103
(2014
).5.
A. F.
Young
and P.
Kim
, “Quantum interference and Klein tunnelling in graphene heterojunctions
,” Nat. Phys.
5
, 222
–226
(2009
).6.
P.
Rickhaus
, R.
Maurand
, M.-H.
Liu
, M.
Weiss
, K.
Richter
, and C.
Schönenberger
, “Ballistic interferences in suspended graphene
,” Nat. Commun.
4
, 2342
(2013
).7.
A. L.
Grushina
, D.-H.
Ki
, and A. F.
Morpurgo
, “A ballistic pn junction in suspended graphene with split bottom gates
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
102
, 223102
(2013
).8.
A.
Varlet
, M.-H.
Liu
, V.
Krueckl
, D.
Bischoff
, P.
Simonet
, K.
Watanabe
, T.
Taniguchi
, K.
Richter
, K.
Ensslin
, and T.
Ihn
, “Fabry-pérot interference in gapped bilayer graphene with broken anti-Klein tunneling
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
113
, 116601
(2014
).9.
L. C.
Campos
, A. F.
Young
, K.
Surakitbovorn
, K.
Watanabe
, T.
Taniguchi
, and P.
Jarillo-Herrero
, “Quantum and classical confinement of resonant states in a trilayer graphene Fabry-Perot interferometer
,” Nat. Commun.
3
, 1239
(2012
).10.
J. R.
Williams
, Tony
Low
, M. S.
Lundstrom
, and C. M.
Marcus
, “Gate-controlled guiding of electrons in graphene
,” Nat. Nanotechnol.
6
, 222
–225
(2011
).11.
P.
Rickhaus
, M.-H.
Liu
, P.
Makk
, R.
Maurand
, S.
Hess
, S.
Zihlmann
, M.
Weiss
, K.
Richter
, and C.
Schönenberger
, “Guiding of electrons in a few-mode ballistic graphene channel,” Nano Lett.
15
, 5819
–5825
(2015
).12.
P.
Rickhaus
, P.
Makk
, M.-H.
Liu
, E.
Tóvári
, M.
Weiss
, R.
Maurand
, K.
Richter
, and C.
Schönenberger
, “Snake trajectories in ultraclean graphene p-n junctions
,” Nat. Commun.
6
, 6470
(2015
).13.
T.
Taychatanapat
, J. Y.
Tan
, Y.
Yeo
, K.
Watanabe
, T.
Taniguchi
, and B.
Özyilmaz
, “Conductance oscillations induced by ballistic snake states in a graphene heterojunction
,” Nat. Commun.
6
, 6093
(2015
).14.
V. E.
Calado
, S.
Goswami
, G.
Nanda
, M.
Diez
, A. R.
Akhmerov
, K.
Watanabe
, T.
Taniguchi
, T. M.
Klapwijk
, and L. M. K.
Vandersypen
, “Ballistic Josephson junctions in edge-contacted graphene
,” Nat. Nanotechnol.
10
, 761
(2015
).15.
M. T.
Allen
, O.
Shtanko
, I. C.
Fulga
, J. I.-J.
Wang
, D.
Nurgaliev
, K.
Watanabe
, T.
Taniguchi
, A. R.
Akhmerov
, P.
Jarillo-Herrero
, L. S.
Levitov
, and A.
Yacoby
, “Visualization of phase-coherent electron interference in a ballistic graphene josephson junction
,” e-print arXiv:1506.06734.16.
M.
Ben Shalom
, M. J.
Zhu
, V. I.
Fal'ko
, A.
Mishchenko
, A. V.
Kretinin
, K. S.
Novoselov
, C. R.
Woods
, K.
Watanabe
, T.
Taniguchi
, A. K.
Geim
, and J. R.
Prance
, “Proximity superconductivity in ballistic graphene, from Fabry-Perot oscillations to random Andreev states in magnetic field
,” e-print arXiv:1504.03286.17.
S.
Sutar
, E. S.
Comfort
, J.
Liu
, T.
Taniguchi
, K.
Watanabe
, and J. U.
Lee
, “Angle-dependent carrier transmission in graphene p-n junctions
,” Nano Lett.
12
(9
), 4460
–4464
(2012
).18.
Redwan N.
Sajjad
, S.
Sutar
, J. U.
Lee
, and A. W.
Ghosh
, “Manifestation of chiral tunneling at a tilted graphene p-n junction
,” Phys. Rev. B
86
, 155412
(2012
).19.
M. I.
Katsnelson
, K. S.
Novoselov
, and A. K.
Geim
, “Chiral tunnelling and the Klein paradox in graphene
,” Nat. Phys.
2
, 620
–625
(2006
).20.
M.-H.
Liu
, J.
Bundesmann
, and K.
Richter
, “Spin-dependent Klein tunneling in graphene: Role of Rashba spin-orbit coupling
,” Phys. Rev. B
85
, 085406
(2012
).21.
N.
Tombros
, A.
Veligura
, J.
Junesch
, J. J.
van den Berg
, P. J.
Zomer
, I. J.
Vera-Marun
, H. T.
Jonkman
, and B.
van Wees
, “Large yield production of high mobility freely suspended graphene electronic devices on a polydimethylglutarimide based organic polymer
,” J. Appl. Phys.
109
, 093702
(2011
).22.
R.
Maurand
, P.
Rickhaus
, P.
Makk
, S.
Hess
, E.
Tovari
, C.
Handschin
, M.
Weiss
, and C.
Schoenberger
, “Fabrication of ballistic suspended graphene with local-gating
,” Carbon
79
, 486
(2014
).23.
See supplementary material at http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4938073 for detailed conductance maps for injection from left electrode in zero and small magnetic fields.
24.
F.
Freitag
, M.
Weiss
, R.
Maurand
, J.
Trbovic
, and C.
Schönenberger
, “Homogeneity of bilayer graphene
,” Solid State Commun.
152
(22
), 2053
–2057
(2012
).25.
V. V.
Cheianov
and V. I.
Falko
, “Selective transmission of dirac electrons and ballistic magnetoresistance of n-p junctions in graphene
,” Phys. Rev. B
74
, 041403(R)
(2006
).26.
H.
van Houten
, B. J.
van Wees
, J. E.
Mooij
, C. W. J.
Beenakker
, J. G.
Williamson
, and C. T.
Foxon
, “Coherent electron focussing in a two-dimensional electron gas
,” Europhys. Lett.
5
(8
), 721
(1988
).27.
S. P.
Milovanović
, M.
Ramezani Masir
, and F. M.
Peeters
, “Bilayer graphene hall bar with a pn-junction
,” J. Appl. Phys.
114
(11
), 113706
(2013
).28.
M.-H.
Liu
, P.
Rickhaus
, P.
Makk
, E.
Tóvári
, R.
Maurand
, F.
Tkatschenko
, M.
Weiss
, C.
Schönenberger
, and K.
Richter
, “Scalable tight-binding model for graphene
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
114
, 036601
(2015
).© 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
2015
AIP Publishing LLC
You do not currently have access to this content.