Electronic properties of perovskite lead-halide photovoltaic cells have been studied. The dc current/voltage characteristics were found to be well fitted by a standard diode equation under optical excitation and in the dark, while the impedance spectroscopy revealed a pronounced slow process under light illumination, which is absent in the dark. A simple model is proposed, which can explain all aspects of the observed behavior quantitatively and consistently.

1.
P. P.
Boix
,
K.
Nonomura
,
N.
Mathews
, and
S. G.
Mhaisalkar
,
Mater. Today
17
,
16
(
2014
).
2.
T. C.
Sum
and
N.
Mathews
,
Energy Environ. Sci.
7
,
2518
(
2014
).
3.
B.
Wang
,
X.
Xiao
, and
T.
Chen
,
Nanoscale
6
,
12287
(
2014
).
4.
A.
Kojima
,
K.
Teshima
,
Y.
Shirai
, and
T.
Miyaska
,
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
131
,
6050
6051
(
2009
).
5.
J.
Even
,
L.
Pedesseau
,
M.-A.
Dupertuis
,
J.-M.
Jancu
, and
C.
Katan
,
Phys. Rev. B
86
,
205301
(
2012
).
6.
Z.
Xiao
,
C.
Bi
,
Y.
Shao
,
Q.
Dong
,
Q.
Wang
,
Y.
Yuan
,
C.
Wang
,
Y.
Gao
, and
J.
Huang
,
Energy Environ. Sci.
7
,
2619
(
2014
).
7.
N.
Tripathi
,
M.
Yanagidaa
,
Y.
Shirai
,
T.
Masuda
,
L.
Han
, and
K.
Miyano
, “Stable and reproducible planar perovskite/PC61BM solar devices with improved performance via chlorine mediated two step diffusion method,”
ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces
(submitted).
8.
See supplementary material at http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4914086 for a complete derivation.
9.
C.-T.
Sah
,
R. N.
Noyce
, and
W.
Schockley
,
Proc. IRE
45
,
1228
(
1957
).
10.
C.-Z.
Li
,
H.-L.
Yip
, and
A. K.-Y.
Jen
,
J. Mater. Chem.
22
,
4161
(
2012
).
11.
K.
Akaike
,
K.
Kanai
,
H.
Yoshida
,
J.
Tsutsumi
,
T.
Nishi
,
N.
Sato
,
Y.
Ouchi
, and
K.
Seki
,
J. Appl. Phys.
104
,
023710
(
2008
).
12.
T.
Sogabe
,
A.
Ogura
,
C.-Y.
Hung
,
V.
Evstropov
,
M.
Mintairov
,
M.
Shavarts
, and
Y.
Okada
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
103
,
263907
(
2013
).
13.
M.
Samiee
,
S.
Konduri
,
B.
Ganapathy
,
R.
Kottokkaran
,
H. A.
Abbas
,
A.
Kitahara
,
P.
Joshi
,
L.
Zhang
,
M.
Noack
, and
V.
Dalal
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
105
,
153502
(
2014
).
14.
J.
Bisquert
,
Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
5
,
5360
(
2003
).
15.
S.
Havriliak
and
S.
Negami
,
Polymer
8
,
161
(
1967
).
16.
S.
Agarwal
,
M.
Seetharaman
,
N. K.
Kumawat
,
A. S.
Subbiah
,
S. K.
Sarkar
,
D.
Kabra
,
M. A. G.
Namboothiry
, and
P. R.
Nair
,
J. Phys. Chem. Lett.
5
,
4115
(
2014
).
17.
J.
Shi
,
J.
Dong
,
S.
Lv
,
Y.
Xu
,
L.
Zhu
,
J.
Xiao
,
X.
Xu
,
H.
Wu
,
D.
Li
,
Y.
Luo
, and
Q.
Meng
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
104
,
063901
(
2014
).
18.
H.
Wei
,
J.
Shi
,
X.
Xu
,
J.
Xiao
,
J.
Luo
,
J.
Dong
,
S.
Lv
,
L.
Zhu
,
H.
Wu
,
D.
Li
,
Y.
Luo
,
Q.
Meng
, and
Q.
Chen
,
Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
17
,
4937
4944
(
2015
).
19.
H. S.
Kim
,
I.
Mora-Sero
,
V.
Gonzalez-Pedro
,
F.
Fabregat-Santiago
,
E. J.
Juarez-Perez
,
N. G.
Park
, and
J.
Bisquert
,
Nat. Commun.
4
,
2242
(
2013
).
20.
H. J.
Snaith
,
A.
Abate
,
J. M.
Ball
,
G. E.
Eperon
,
T.
Leijtens
,
N. K.
Noel
,
S. D.
Stranks
,
J. T.-W.
Wang
,
K.
Wojciechowski
, and
W.
Zhang
,
J. Phys. Chem. Lett.
5
,
1511
(
2014
).
21.
R. S.
Sanchez
,
V.
Gonzalez-Pedro
,
J.-W.
Lee
,
N.-G.
Park
,
Y. S.
Kang
,
I.
Mora-Sero
, and
J.
Bisquert
,
J. Phys. Chem. Lett.
5
,
2357
(
2014
).
22.
J. A.
Christians
,
R. C. M.
Fung
, and
P. V.
Kamat
,
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
136
,
758
(
2014
).
23.
H.-S.
Kim
and
N.-G.
Park
,
J. Phys. Chem. Lett.
5
,
2927
(
2014
).

Supplementary Material

You do not currently have access to this content.