We report on the implantation of boron in individual, electrically contacted germanium nanowires with varying diameter and present a technique that monitors the electrical properties of a single device during implantation of ions. This method gives improved access to study the dynamic annealing ability of the nanowire at room temperature promoted by its quasi-one-dimensional confinement. Based on electrical data, we find that the dopant activation efficiency is nontrivially diameter dependent. As the diameter decreases, a transition from a pronounced dynamic-annealing to a radiation-damage dominated regime is observed.

1.
B.
Yu
,
X. H.
Sun
,
G. A.
Calebotta
,
G. R.
Dholakia
, and
M.
Meyyappan
,
J. Clust. Sci.
17
,
579
(
2006
).
2.
G.
Gu
,
M.
Burghard
,
G. T.
Kim
,
G. S.
Düsberg
,
P. W.
Chiu
,
V.
Krstić
,
S.
Roth
, and
W. Q.
Han
,
J. Appl. Phys.
90
,
5747
(
2001
).
3.
C.
O'Regan
,
S.
Biswas
,
N.
Petkov
, and
J. D.
Holmes
,
J. Mater. Chem. C
2
,
14
(
2014
).
4.
E.
Tutuc
,
S.
Guha
, and
J. O.
Chu
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
88
,
043113
(
2006
).
5.
D. E.
Perea
,
E. R.
Hemesath
,
E. J.
Schwalbach
,
J. L.
Lensch-Falk
,
P. W.
Voorhees
, and
L. J.
Lauhon
,
Nat. Nanotechnol.
4
,
315
(
2009
).
6.
J. S.
Williams
,
Mater. Sci. Eng. A
253
,
8
(
1998
).
7.
C.
Fritzsche
,
Angew. Chem.
17
,
496
(
1978
).
8.
E.
Chason
,
S. T.
Picraux
,
J. M.
Poate
,
J. O.
Borland
,
M. I.
Current
,
T.
Diaz de la Rubia
,
D. J.
Eaglesham
,
O. W.
Holland
,
M. E.
Law
,
C. W.
Magee
,
J. W.
Mayer
,
J.
Melngailis
, and
A. F.
Tasch
,
J. Appl. Phys.
81
,
6513
(
1997
).
9.
K. S.
Jones
,
S.
Prussin
, and
E. R.
Weber
,
Appl. Phys. A
45
,
1
(
1988
).
10.
S.
Dhara
,
A.
Datta
,
C. T.
Wu
,
Z. H.
Lan
,
K. H.
Chen
,
Y. L.
Wang
,
L. C.
Chen
,
C. W.
Hsu
,
H. M.
Lin
, and
C. C.
Chen
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
82
,
451
(
2003
).
11.
G.
Ouyang
,
G.
Yang
, and
G.
Zhou
,
Nanoscale
4
,
2748
(
2012
).
12.
M. M.
Koleśnik-Gray
,
T.
Lutz
,
G.
Collins
,
S.
Biswas
,
J. D.
Holmes
, and
V.
Krstić
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
103
,
153101
(
2013
).
13.
C.
Ronning
,
C.
Borschel
,
S.
Geburt
, and
R.
Niepelt
,
Mater. Sci. Eng.
70
,
30
(
2010
).
14.
D.
Stichtenoth
,
K.
Wegener
,
C.
Gutsche
,
I.
Regolin
,
F. J.
Tegude
,
W.
Prost
,
M.
Seibt
, and
C.
Ronning
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
92
,
163107
(
2008
).
15.
N.
Petkov
,
R.
Kelly
,
M.
Schmidt
, and
J. D.
Holmes
, in
Proceedings of the 15th European Microscopy Congress, Manchester, United Kingdom, 16–21 September 2012
(
Royal Microscopical Society
,
2012
).
16.
N.
Petkov
,
ISRN Nanotechnol.
2013
,
893060
(
2013
).
17.
C.
Zeiner
,
A.
Lugstein
,
T.
Burchhart
,
P.
Pongratz
,
J. G.
Connell
,
L. J.
Lauhon
, and
E.
Bertagnolli
,
Nano Lett.
11
,
3108
(
2011
).
18.
A.
Colli
,
A.
Fasoli
,
C.
Ronning
,
S.
Pisana
,
S.
Piscanec
, and
A. C.
Ferrari
,
Nano Lett.
8
,
2188
(
2008
).
19.
T.
Burchhardt
,
C.
Zeiner
,
A.
Lugstein
,
C.
Henkel
, and
E.
Bertagnolli
,
Nanotechnology
22
,
035201
(
2011
).
20.
F. G.
Pikus
and
K. K.
Likharev
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
71
,
3661
(
1997
).
21.
V. P.
Kesan
,
S. S.
Iyer
, and
J. M.
Cotte
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
59
,
852
(
1991
).
22.
G.
Collins
,
M. M.
Koleśnik
,
V.
Krstić
, and
J. D.
Holmes
,
Chem. Mater.
22
,
5235
(
2010
).
23.
S.
Barth
,
M. M.
Koleśnik
,
K.
Donegan
,
V.
Krstić
, and
J. D.
Holmes
,
Chem. Mater.
23
,
3335
(
2011
).
24.
A. B.
Greytak
,
L. J.
Lauhon
,
M. S.
Gudiksen
, and
C. M.
Lieber
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
84
,
4176
(
2004
).
25.
S.
Zhang
,
E. R.
Hemesath
,
D. E.
Perea
,
E.
Wijaya.
,
J. L.
Lensch-Falk
, and
L. J.
Lauhon
,
Nano Lett.
9
,
3268
(
2009
).
26.
J. F.
Ziegler
,
The Stopping and Range of Ions in Solids
(
Pergamon
,
1985
).
27.
See supplementary material at http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4922527 for information on electrical measurement details, ion implantation, trim data, EDX analysis, and TEM images of implanted nanowires.
28.
K.
Lorenz
,
E.
Alves
,
E.
Wendler
,
O.
Bilani
,
W.
Wesch
, and
M.
Hayes
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
87
,
191904
(
2005
).

Supplementary Material

You do not currently have access to this content.