We report on the results obtained from specially designed high electron mobility transistors at 4.2 K: the gate leakage current can be limited lower than 1 aA, and the equivalent input noise-voltage and noise-current at 1 Hz can reach 6.3 nV/Hz1∕2 and 20 aA/Hz1∕2, respectively. These results open the way to realize high performance low-frequency readout electronics under very low-temperature conditions.

1.
D. S.
Akerib
,
P. D.
Barnes
,
P. L.
Brink
,
B.
Cabrera
,
R. M.
Clarke
,
R. J.
Gaitskell
,
S. R.
Golwala
,
M. E.
Huber
,
M.
Kurylowicz
,
V.
Mandic
,
J. M.
Martinis
,
P.
Meunier
,
N.
Mirabolfathi
,
S. W.
Nam
,
M.
Perillo-Isaac
,
T.
Saab
,
B.
Sadoulet
,
R. W.
Schnee
,
D. N.
Seitz
,
T.
Shutt
,
G. W.
Smith
,
W. K.
Stockwell
,
K. M.
Sundqvist
, and
S.
White
,
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A
591
,
476
(
2008
).
2.
B.
Censier
,
A.
Benoit
,
G.
Bres
,
F.
Charlieu
,
J.
Gascon
,
J.
Gironnet
,
M.
Grollier
,
R.
Guichardaz
,
A.
Juillard
,
L.
Lauro
,
J.
Minet
,
B.
Paul
, and
L.
Vagneron
,
J. Low Temp. Phys.
167
,
645
(
2012
).
3.
A. V. der
Ziel
,
Noise in Solid State Devices and Circuits
(
Wiley
,
New York
,
1986
).
4.
E.
Bocquillon
,
V.
Freulon
,
J.-M.
Berroir
,
P.
Degiovanni
,
B.
Plaçais
,
A.
Cavanna
,
Y.
Jin
, and
G.
Fève
,
Science
339
,
1054
(
2013
).
5.
E.
Gremion
,
D.
Niepce
,
A.
Cavanna
,
U.
Gennser
, and
Y.
Jin
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
97
,
233505
(
2010
).
6.
L.
DiCarlo
,
Y.
Zhang
,
D. T.
McClure
,
C. M.
Marcus
,
L. N.
Pfeiffer
, and
K. W.
West
,
Rev. Sci. Instrum.
77
,
073906
(
2006
).
7.
N.
Oukhanski
and
E.
Hoenig
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
85
,
2956
(
2004
).
8.
S.
Urazhdin
,
S.
Tessmer
, and
R.
Ashoori
,
Rev. Sci. Instrum.
73
,
310
(
2002
).
9.
A. M.
Robinson
and
V. I.
Talyanskii
,
Rev. Sci. Instrum.
75
,
3169
(
2004
).
10.
R.
Plana
,
L.
Escotte
,
O.
Llopis
,
H.
Amine
,
T.
Parra
,
M.
Gayral
, and
J.
Graffeuil
,
IEEE Trans. Electron Devices
40
,
852
(
1993
).
11.
Q.
Dong
,
Y. X.
Liang
,
U.
Gennser
,
A.
Cavanna
, and
Y.
Jin
,
J. Low Temp. Phys.
167
,
626
(
2012
).
12.
F.
Ayela
,
J. L.
Bret
, and
J.
Chaussy
,
Rev. Sci. Instrum.
62
,
2816
(
1991
).
13.

The no-feedback voltage gain Av of a common source amplifier based on a FET can be expressed by gm×RL/(1+gd×RL) in the frequency range where Av is independent of f.

14.

The no-feedback output impedance Re of a common source amplifier based on a FET can be expressed by RL/(1+gd×RL) in the frequency range where Re is independent of f, and consequently Av=gm×Re.

15.
Y.
Jin
,
J. Phys. IV France
8
,
Pr3-131
(
1998
).
16.
The detail of the white noise in these HEMTs is out of the scope of this paper, we will publish elsewhere.
17.
Y. X.
Liang
,
Q.
Dong
,
M. C.
Cheng
,
U.
Gennser
,
A.
Cavanna
, and
Y.
Jin
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
99
,
113505
(
2011
).
18.
S.
Jezouin
,
F. D.
Parmentier
,
A.
Anthore
,
U.
Gennser
,
A.
Cavanna
,
Y.
Jin
, and
F.
Pierre
,
Science
342
,
601
(
2013
).
19.
E. R.
Fossum
and
B.
Pain
,
Proc. SPIE
2020
,
262
285
(
1993
).
20.
Observing Photons in Space
,
ISSI Scientific Reports Series
, edited by
M.
Huber
,
A.
Pauluhn
,
J.
Culhane
,
J.
Timothy
,
K.
Wilhelm
, and
A.
Zehnder
(ISSI,
2010
), Vol.
9
.
You do not currently have access to this content.